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| − | {{Featured article}} | + | {{Short description|Coup attempt in Creeperopolis in 2003}} |
| − | {{Short description|Coup d'état in Creeperopolis in 2003.}} | + | {{use dmy dates|date=September 2021}} |
| | + | {{redirect|Creeperian coup|other coups d'état in Creeperopolis|List of coups d'état in Creeperopolis}} |
| | {{Infobox military conflict | | {{Infobox military conflict |
| − | | conflict = 2003 Creeperian coup d'état | + | | conflict = 2003 Creeperian coup attempt |
| − | | width =
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| | | partof = the [[Creeperian Conflicts]] | | | partof = the [[Creeperian Conflicts]] |
| | | image = File:Leaders of the 2003 Creeperian coup d'état.png | | | image = File:Leaders of the 2003 Creeperian coup d'état.png |
| | | image_size = 400px | | | image_size = 400px |
| − | | alt =
| + | | caption = The [[Romerist Military Junta]], formed after the coup |
| − | | caption = The [[Romerist Military Junta|military leaders]] of the coup. | + | | date = {{start date and age|2003|06|18|df=y}} |
| − | | date = 18 June 2003 | + | | place = [[San Salvador, San Salvador|San Salvador]], [[Creeperopolis]] |
| − | | place = [[Alfonsisto|Creeperopolis]] | + | | result = Coup attempt failed |
| − | | coordinates = <!--Use the {{coord}} template --> | + | | combatant1 = {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Creeperopolis|Creeperian government]] |
| − | | map_type = | + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis|military}} [[Creeperian Armed Forces|Armed Forces]] |
| − | | map_relief =
| + | | combatant2 = {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} Alfonso supporters |
| − | | map_size =
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis|military}} [[Creeperian Armed Forces|Armed Forces]] (rebels) |
| − | | map_marksize =
| + | | commander1 = {{plainlist| |
| − | | map_caption =
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Romero III of Creeperopolis|Romero III]]{{KIA}} |
| − | | map_label =
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Alexander II of Creeperopolis|Alexander, Prince of Usqulúmen]] |
| − | | territory =
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Augusto Cabañeras Gutiérrez]] |
| − | | action = Armed forces put the country under brief military control.
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Edmundo González Robles]] |
| − | | result = Armed forces victory
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Arturo Merino Núñez]] |
| − | *[[Alfonsisto]] overthrown
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Gerardo Barrios Dueñas]] |
| − | *Death of [[Alfonso VI of Creeperopolis|Alfonso VI]]
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Venancio López Requena]] |
| − | *Establishment of the [[Romerist Military Junta]]
| + | }} |
| − | | status = | + | | commander2 = {{plainlist| |
| − | | combatants_header =
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Alfonso VI of Creeperopolis|Alfonso, Prince of La'Victoria]]{{KIA}} |
| − | | combatant1 = {{flagicon|Creeperopolis}} [[Alfonsisto|Creeperian Government]] | + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Armando Figueroa Molina]]{{KIA}} |
| − | | combatant2 = {{flagicon|Creeperopolis}} [[Creeperian Armed Forces]]<br />'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flag|Quebecshire}} (alleged)
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Rubén Franco Alcabú]]{{executed}} |
| − | | combatant3 = | + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Carlos Menem Menem]]{{executed}} |
| − | | commander1 = {{flagicon|Creeperopolis}} [[Alfonso VI of Creeperopolis|Alfonso VI]] †<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis}} [[Armando Figueroa Molina]] †<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis}} [[Rubén Franco Alcabú]] {{executed}}<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis}} [[Carlos Menem Menem]] {{executed}}<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis}} [[José Costa Araujo]] {{executed}}
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[José Costa Araujo]]{{executed}} |
| − | | commander2 = {{flagicon|Creeperopolis}} [[Alexander II of Creeperopolis|Alexander II]]<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis}} [[Augusto Cabañeras Gutiérrez]]<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis}} [[Edmundo González Robles]]<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis}} [[Arturo Merino Núñez]]<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis}} [[Gerardo Barrios Dueñas]]<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis}} [[Martín Gutiérrez Sánchez]]<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis}} [[Venancio López Requena]]
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Roberto Morales Obregón]]{{executed}} |
| − | | commander3 = | + | }} |
| − | | units1 = {{flagicon|Creeperopolis|marines}} [[Creeperian Imperial Guard]]
| + | | strength1 = |
| − | *[[1st Creeperian Royal Detachment|1st Royal Detachment]] | + | | strength2 = |
| − | | units2 = {{flagicon|Creeperopolis|army}} [[Creeperian Army]]
| + | | casualties1 = |
| − | *[[File:18th SS Division Logo.svg|20px|link=1st Creeperian Army]] [[1st Creeperian Army|1st Army]] | + | | casualties2 = |
| − | {{flagicon|Creeperopolis|naval}} [[Creeperian Navy]] | + | | casualties3 = [[List of people killed by and disappeared by the Creeperian government during the 2003–2004 Creeperian Purges|Thousands killed or missing in subsequent purges]] |
| − | *[[16th Creeperian Flotilla|16th Flotilla]] | + | | campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Creeperian Conflicts}} |
| − | {{flagicon|Creeperopolis|air force}} [[Creeperian Air Force]] | |
| − | *[[18th Creeperian Air Force Wing|18th Air Force Wing]] | |
| − | | units3 =
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| − | | strength1 = 650 soldiers | |
| − | | strength2 = 102,180 soldiers<!--100,000 for the 1st Army; 2,080 for the 16th Flotilla [1 heavy cruiser, 2 light cruisers, 2 submarines, 3 destroyers], 100 for the 18th Air Force Wing [50 aircraft]--> | |
| − | | strength3 =
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| − | | casualties1 = 459 dead<br />66 executed<br />125 imprisoned | |
| − | | casualties2 = 138 dead | |
| − | | casualties3 = 597 military dead, 44 civilians dead, [[List of people killed by and disappeared by the Creeperian government during the 2003–2004 Creeperian Purges|thousands missing]] | |
| − | | notes =
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| − | | campaignbox = | |
| | }} | | }} |
| − | {{History of Creeperopolis}}
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| − | The '''2003 Creeperian coup d'état''' ([[Creeperian Spanish]]: ''Golpe de Estado Creeperiano de 2003''), also sometimes referred to as '''The Coup''' (Creeperian Spanish: ''El Golpe''), '''The Restoration''' (Creeperian Spanish: ''La'Restoración''), or '''18-J''', was a military coup d'état in [[Creeperopolis]] that deposed the [[Alfonsisto|totalitarian]] government. On 18 June 2003, after four years of totalitarian rule, overt government corruption, political unrest, severe [[Hyperinflation in Creeperopolis|hyperinflation]], and surging crime rates, the [[Creeperian Armed Forces]], lead by Chief Field Marshal [[Augusto Cabañeras Gutiérrez]], Chief Admiral [[Edmundo González Robles]], and Chief General [[Arturo Merino Núñez]], seized power in a coup d'état. and established a [[Romerist Military Junta|short-lived transitionary military junta]].
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| − | During the coup, the [[Creeperian Army|army]], [[Creeperian Navy|navy]], and [[Creeperian Air Force|air force]] attacked the [[Council of Mayors of Creeperopolis|Council of Mayors]] building in [[San Salvador (city)|San Salvador]] during a meeting of Alfonso VI with his [[Ministers of Creeperopolis|government ministers]] and high ranking loyalist mayors. Many were killed or later executed. The [[San Salvador Imperial Palace]] and other important government buildings were secured by the armed forces with little to no resistance from [[Creeperian Imperial Guard|imperial guardsmen]]. The military declared [[Martial Law in Creeperopolis (2003–2004)|martial law]] in the wake of the coup and a 10pm curfew was initiated across the country.
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| − | The armed forces established a [[Romerist Military Junta|military junta]] and initiated [[List of people killed by and disappeared by the Creeperian government during the 2003–2004 Creeperian Purges|large-scale purges]] of political and military officials. Cabañeras Gutiérrez gained significant power following the coup and is considered to be one of the most powerful people in Creeperopolis. The military proclaimed Alfonso VI's second and oldest surviving son, [[Alexander II of Creeperopolis|Alexander II]], as the new Emperor, but the military held absolute authority and control until he was coronated on 15 September 2003 and the junta was officially dissolved.
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| − | The coup marked a watershed moment in Creeperian history and began the true modernization of the nation and the [[Miracle of Creeperopolis|resurgence of its economy]]. The coup has been proclaimed by [[Propaganda in Creeperopolis|Creeperian propaganda]] as an event which saved the nation from its impending demise.
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| − | == Background ==
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| − | === Political situation ===
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| − | {{see|Alfonsisto}}
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| − | === Military situation ===
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| − | === Economic recession ===
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| − | <!--On October 16, 1999, [[List of Creeperian Monarchs|Emperor]] [[Romero III of Creeperopolis|Romero III]] died without an heir. This left his younger brother, [[Alfonso VI of Creeperopolis|Alfonso VI]], to become Emperor. Alfonso VI took the absolute nature of the monarchy to an extreme and ushered in an era known in Creeperian history as the [[October 16 Regime]]. The regime was known for its totalitarian nature. Alfonso VI cut funding and numbers to the [[National Intelligence Directorate]] (abbreviated DINA, the Creeperian secret police) and also reduced funding to the three major brances of the [[Creeperian Armed Forces]]: the [[Creeperian Army|Army]], [[Creeperian Navy|Navy]], and [[Creeperian Air Force|Air Force]]. The cut funding went to his own private spending and to the [[Creeperian Imperial Guard]] as a way to assure himself a long, comfortable, and luxurious reign with no fear of being toppled or assassinated.
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| − | The massive cut in funding angered all three major branches of the Creeperian Amred Forces. [[Emmanuel Cabañeras Videla]], the [[Chief Field Marshal (Creeperopolis)|Chief Field Marshal]] of the Army, the [[Minister of Defense of Creeperopolis|Minister of Defense]], and the [[Chief of the DINA]] (all since 1976), was the most enraged of the three commanders, the others being [[Chief Admiral (Creeperopolis)|Chief Admiral]] [[José Guerrero López]] of the Navy and [[Chief General (Creeperopolis)|Chief General]] [[Felipe Cambeiro Cavallería]] of the Air Force.
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| − | Alfonso VI saw that his Minister of Defense, his second-in-command and right hand man, was showing several signs of disloyalty and anger with his regime. Wishing to eliminate any possibility of a coup, Alfonso VI began planning the removal of Cabañeras Videla. On October 22, 2002, Emmanuel Cabañeras Videla was found dead in his mansion which was inherited through his father, [[Alfonso Cabañeras Moreno]]. The official autopsy found that Cabañeras Videla had died of a heart attack. However, many believed that he was, in fact, assassinated on orders of Alfonso VI as a way to eliminate any chance of a coup. (After the coup, the government officially labeled Cabañeras Videla's death as an assassination by cyanide poisoning.)
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| − | With his greatest potential rival and threat eliminated, Alfonso VI elevated his former Minister of Defense's son, [[Augusto Cabañeras Gutiérrez]], as the next Minister of Defense, Chief Field Marshal, and Chief of the DINA. Alfonso VI believed that Cabañeras Gutiérrez would be more loyal than his father and predecessor as he had given him vasts amounts of bribes in the form of direct cash, luxurious vehicles, and even gold from the treasury. He gave the same bribes to Guerrero López and Cambeiro Cavallería to keep their loyalty.
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| − | Meanwhile, the [[Chief Guard (Creeperopolis)|Chief Guard]] of the [[Creeperian Imperial Guard]], [[Armando Figueroa Molina]], was showered with the greatest bribes, riches, and rewards for his constant loyalty to the regime. From 1999-2003, the Imperial Guard, which had always been regarded as the least important of the four branches of the armed forces, had begun to grow in power and influence in the government, in tern, diminishing the power of the army, navy, and air force over time.-->
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| − | == Planning the coup ==
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| − | <!--Beginning in February 2003, Cabañeras Gutiérrez, Guerrero López, and Cambeiro Cavallería began meeting in secret to discuss a possible plot to overthrow the regime. The three knew that there were three major problems standing in the way of a successful coup. The first was the Imperial Guard, but it was regarded as a non-factor in the end as they know that a coup against the Imperial Guard is possible as it has been accomplished multiple times (ie. [[1550 Creeperian coup d'état]], [[Monarch's Revolution]], [[Revolution of 1833]], etc.).
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| − | The second major problem the conspiracy faced was the reaction of the [[Second State of the Church|State of the Church]] and the [[Pope of Creeperopolis|Pope]], at the time [[Juan Pablo II of Creeperopolis|Juan Pablo II]]. The three did not want to lose the trust and support of the [[Creeperian Catholic Church]] as the body has a massive influence over Creeperian culture and society in general. Upsetting the Church was an easy way to lose faith with the people and possibly put the conspirators at risk of being overthrown themselves or beginning a second [[Creeperian Civil War|civil war]]. Creeperopolis [[Creeperian Conflicts|was already unstable enough as it was at the time]] and the three did not want to make the situation worse.
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| − | The third, and probably the greatest threat to the plot, was the people of [[Creeperopolis]]. The three men had no idea how the Creeperian people would react to the overthrow of their government. The three believed the regime to be unpopular, but there was no real way to find out at the time. They, however, knew how to gain the support of the people.
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| − | The three approached the eldest son of Alfonso VI, [[List of Salvadoran Monarchs|Grand Prince]] [[Alexander II of Creeperopolis|Alexander Martínez Hernández]], and asked him if he wished to join in on the plot to depose his father. After a large bribe and promises of power, Alexander Martínez Hernández joined aboard the plot.
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| − | With the likely approval of the people secured, the comspirators needed the approval of the Church. The three approached Juan Pablo II and pleaded their case against Alfonso VI. They presented evidence of totalitarianism and used evidence of their own war crimes, but labeled as the crimes of the regime itself, as evidence against Alfonso VI. After a month of appeals and persuasion, the conspiracy recieved the support of the Church in late May 2003.
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| − | With all the support they need, each commander spoke to their respective soldiers to recruit them to the coup. After the military itself was brought onboard, a date was scheduled: June 18, 2003, would be the day the Creeperian Armed Forces overthrow the government of the Holy Traditionalist Empire of Creeperopolis.-->
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| − | == Military action ==
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| − | <!--The coup to topple the totalitarian regime of Alfonso VI began on the command of Augusto Cabañeras Gutiérrez at 9:11am, San Salvador Time (SST), on June 18, 2003. The coup started with the [[I Creeperian Army Corps|I]] and [[II Creeperian Army Corps]] moving into positions to surround the city of [[San Salvador (city)|San Salvador]] to prevent Alfonso VI escaping via land, followed by the [[III Creeperian Army Corps|III]] and the [[IX Creeperian Army Corps]] setting up offensive positions in the city near the [[San Salvador Imperial Palace]]. The [[VII Creeperian Army Corps]] was stationed at the [[Saint Romero I Adolfo Martínez Galdámez International Airport|Alfonso I Martínez International Aiport]]. The [[Black Division|División Negra]], the elite of the Creeperian Army, was ordered to surround the Imperial Palace and to prepare for a storming of the Palace.
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| − | The [[III Creeperian Army Corps]] was ordered to begin the artillery shelling of the Imperial Palace at 9:58am. At 10:00am, the Army siezed a radio station in San Salvador and sent a broadcast to the nation saying:
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| − | {{quote|"Do not fear faithful Creeperans. This is not a malicious nor foreign nor [Senvarian] takeover of the Fatherland or toppling of the government. Instead, the Armed Forces of the [Creeperian] Fatherland and the [Creeperian Catholic] Church have witnessed the totalitarianism of the regime of Alfonso VI. Under the guide of the Lord God, we are removing this wicked government from power and are installing a truthful, honest, and benevolent government, a new Emperor on the Imperial throne from the line of Martínez. Long live Creeperopolis! Long live the Fatherland! Long live God!"}}
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| − | The Army was then ordered to storm the Palace and to offer no quarter to the Imperial Guards who have "betrayed the Fatherland" (after the Air Force and artillery completed bombing the Palace). The guards were ruthlessly massacred by the Army, with an estimated 300 guards being slaughtered.
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| − | The day before the coup, Guerrero López quietly, without the knowledge of Alfonso VI, moved 50 warships to [[Lake San Salvador]] to prevent any possibility for the Emperor to flee via the lake.
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| − | The Air Force, under orders of Cambeiro Cavallería, captured the four major airports of [[San Salvador (department)|San Salvador]] to prevent Alfonso VI from escaping via the air.
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| − | Then, the Air Force began bombing the Imperial Palace to damage any possible defenses and to kill as many guards as possible before it is stormed by the Army.
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| − | The day before the coup, Alexander Martínez Hernández left the Imperial Palace to [[Zapatista]] under the guise of inspecting Army positions in the area in preparation for an operation against [[Mara Salvatrucha]] in the [[Mara War]]. After leaving [[San Salvador (department)|San Salvador]], Martínez Hernández met up with Cabañeras Gutiérrez to prepare for the coup.
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| − | Throughout the coup, Martínez Hernández did little and was merely and observer in his rise to power.
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| − | The Imperial Guard was caught completely off guard by the coup. Of the total 70,000 Imperial Guards enlisted at the time, only 300 were at the Imperial Palace and ready to defend the Emperor.
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| − | [[Chief Guard (Creeperopolis)|Chief Guard]] [[Armando Figueroa Molina]] remained loyal to Alfonso VI and swore to defend the Emperor until the end. When the assault began with the bombings and shelling, several guards were killed and wounded. When the División Negra initiated the storming, all the guards were massacred, including Figueroa Molina.
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| − | The remaining guards were forced to surrender and pledge allegiance to Alexander II following the coup.
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| − | Alfonso VI was taken completely by surprise by the coup. He knew that he had not kept the loyalty of the armed forces and that he will either be killed or imprisoned. When the shelling and bombing began, he moved to the bunker below the Imperial Palace.
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| − | As the soldiers were storming the Palace, he committed suicide to prevent capture.-->
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| − | == Casualties ==
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| − | == Alfonso VI's death ==
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| − | == Aftermath ==
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| − | === Military rule and transition ===
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| − | Following the coup d'état, the military established the the [[Romerist Military Junta]], a military junta that weilded absolute power and authority in Creeperopolis. The military junta composed of Cabañeras Gutiérrez, González Robles, Merino Núñez, Barrios Dueñas, with Cabañeras Gutiérrez serving as the President of the junta.
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| − | {{quote|[Cabañeras Gutiérrez (Army):] The Armed Forces have acted today solely under patriotic and nationalist inspiration of saving the Fatherland from the tremendous chaos and anarchy into which He was being plunged into by the [[Miguelism|Miguelist]] regime of Alfonso VI.{{efn|name="Miguelist regime"|[[Augusto Cabañeras Gutiérrez]] called the regime of Alfonso VI as "[[Miguelism|Miguelist]]," a far-left ideology that is a form of communism formed by the [[National Council for Peace and Order]] during the [[Creeperian Civil War]] of 1933 to 1949. The ideology was formed by individuals such as [[Miguel VII of Creeperopolis|Miguel VII]], [[Cayetano Handel Carpio]], [[Joel Lacasa Campos]], and [[Mariano Alcocer Fraga]]. The government of Alfonso VI was by no means in any form Miguelist except for the fact that it was very totalitarian. The government of Alfonso VI fits more with the [[Romerism|Romerist]] ideology the military junta claimed to abide by, but much more totalitarian. He likely used the term Miguelist in order to demonize his government, damage his government's credibility, and eliminate any remaining support for Alfonso VI.}} The Romerist Military Junta will maintain executive, legislative, and judicial authority while it is in power. The Council of Mayors will remain in recess until further notice, and we officially proclaim Alexander Romero Adolfo Martínez Hernández as Emperor, to be coronated on 15 September 2003 in accordance with the Fatherland's tradition, when this junta will dissolve and hand over power to the rightful Emperor and Council and Tribune.
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| − | [González Robles (Navy):] It is unfortunate that we have had to break the imperial and God-sanctioned tradition of succession and governance which in the Fatherland has lasted since the establishment of the Fatherland by [[Felipe I of Creeperopolis|Felipe I]], however, when the Fatherland loses His qualities and His foothold, there are those, who by mandate, have to enforce them and support Him and take on that task. The Armed Forces have done that today, and with God's divine approval, we are sure that all of Creeperopolis has to understand the sacrifice that entails.
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| − | [Merino Núñez (Air Force):] This is not a matter of squashing tendencies, or ideological trends, or carrying out personal revenge,
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| − | but, as the Romerist Military Junta has stated, of re-establishing public order and returning the Fatherland to observance of not only the national Constitution and laws, but also of the divine laws of God presented through the Prophets and through the Savior, [[Yeshua|Jesús Cristo]].
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| − | [Barrios Dueñas (Imperial Guard]:] After four years of suffering the Miguelist cancer which led us to economic, moral, and social disaster which can no longer be tolerated for the sacred interests of the Fatherland, we find ourselves obliged to take on the difficult and painful mission which the Armed Forces have undertaken. We are not afraid; we know the enormous responsibility that will rest on our shoulders, but we are convinced, and we are quite sure that the vast majority of the Creeperian people are with us. They are willing to fight against Miguelism! They are willing to stand with God and stamp it out down to the final consequences!|[[Romerist Military Junta]], 18 June 2003}}
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| − | The military established [[Martial Law in Creeperopolis (2003–2004)|martial law]] and a 10pm curfew across the entire country.
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| − | === Political ramifications ===
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| − | ==== Purges ====
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| − | <!--Following the coup, the conspirators assessed that 17 of their men died in the storming of the palace. Meanwhile, all 300 of the Imperial Guards and both Alfonso VI and Figueroa Molina were either killed or committed suicide.
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| − | The death of Alfonso VI allowed his son, Alexander II, to ascend to the Imperial throne of Creeperopolis.
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| − | After the success of the coup and the death of his father, Alexander II rose to the Imperial throne and became the [[List of Creeperian Monarchs|Emperor of Creeperopolis and the Creeperans]], [[Holy Protector of the State of the Church]], [[List of Salvadoran Monarchs|Emperor of El Salvador]], [[List of Senvarian Monarchs|King of Senvar]], [[List of Atlántidan Monarchs|King of Atlántida]], and [[List of Castillianan Monarchs|King of Castilliano]].
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| − | Pope Juan Pablo II expressed his approval and support of the coup and coronated Alexander II on September 15, 2003, in accordance with Creeperian tradition.
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| − | [[File:2003-2004 Creeperian Purges Document.jpg|thumb|right|A leaked document outlining the DINA plan to purge supporters of Alfonso VI.]]
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| − | After the coup, the DINA's funding was increased and it was restaffed to the point to where it was before Alfonso VI took power.
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| − | During Alfonso VI's regime, he installed many cronies and loyalists into positions of power. As Chief of the DINA, Cabañeras Gutiérrez used his powers in the secret police to arrest more than 80,000 people, with 5,200 to 8,200 being executed, and tens of thousands more being tortured.
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| − | The purge was the largest purge in Creeperian history.
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| − | When the [[Creeperian Initiative|Initiative of Creeperopolis]] found out about the coup as it started, the leadership condemned the coup, as the leadership of the Initiative was full of Alfonso VI loyalists.
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| − | After the coup, Initiative leadership was purged and restaffed with loyalists and supporters of Alexander II.-->
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| − | == Reactions ==
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| − | === Domestic reactions ===
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| − | === International reactions ===
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| − | == Legacy ==
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| − | <!--The 2003 Creeperian coup d'état marked a watershed moment in Creeperian history and began its true modernization. Following the coup, the Creeperian economy experienced a massive boom known as the ''[[Miracle of Creeperopolis]]''.
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| − | The coup is celebrated in Creeperopolis every June 18 with military celebrations. The coup is portrayed as a beacon of freedom and the beginning of liberty, prosperity, and success for [[Creeperopolis]] and the [[Creeperans]].
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| − | The coup is often compared to the [[Revolution of 1833]] by Emperor [[Adolfo III of Creeperopolis|Adolfo III]].-->
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| − | == In popular culture ==
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| − | == Commemoration ==
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| − | == See also ==
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| − | {{portal|Creeperopolis|Creeperopolis Terraconserva}}
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| − | *[[1976 Creeperian coup d'état attempt]]
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| − | *[[2020 Creeperian coup d'état attempt]]
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| − | == Notes ==
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| − | {{notelist}}
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| − | == References ==
| + | The '''2003 Creeperian coup attempt''', known in [[Creeperopolis]] as '''18–J''' ([[Creeperian language|Creeperian]]: 18–Ջ), was a failed coup attempt which sought to install [[Alfonso, Prince of La'Victoria]], the second son of Emperor [[Romero III of Creeperopolis|Romero III]], as the emperor of Creeperopolis. During the coup, Romero III was killed by rebel forces loyal to Alfonso, but Alfonso himself was also killed and military forces loyal to Romero III asserted control over the country and established the [[Romerist Military Junta]]. The junta proclaimed [[Alexander II of Creeperopolis|Alexander, Prince of Usqulúmen]] as the country's emperor. |
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| − | {{reflist}}
| + | == External links == |
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| − | == Bibliography ==
| + | {{2003 Creeperian coup d'état category}} |
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| − | *{{cite book|last1=Pareja Palau|first1=Orlando|author-link1=Orlando Pareja Palau|date=2013|title=El Autogolpe de 2003|trans-title=Coup d'État of 2003|url=https://lcnwiki.xyz/index.php?title=El_Autogolpe_de_2003|series=Historia de Creeperopólis|language=[[Creeperian Spanish]]|volume=2|edition=2|location=[[San Salvador (city)|San Salvador]], [[Creeperopolis]]|publisher=[[Impresión Creeperiano]]|pages=1–554|doi=10.1017/S0022216X00001425|isbn=9780742537415|jstor=156558}} | + | * [https://nsindex.net/wiki/2003_Creeperian_Coup_D%27état 2003 Creeperian coup d'état (NSIndex; 22 September 2019)] |
| | + | * [https://iiwiki.us/wiki/2003_Creeperian_Coup_d%27État 2003 Creeperian coup d'état (IIWiki; 2 March 2020)] |
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| | {{2003 Creeperian coup d'état}} | | {{2003 Creeperian coup d'état}} |
| | + | {{Creeperian coups}} |
| | {{Coup d'état}} | | {{Coup d'état}} |
| | {{Creeperian Conflicts}} | | {{Creeperian Conflicts}} |
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| | [[Category:Creeperian Conflicts]] | | [[Category:Creeperian Conflicts]] |
| | [[Category:Battles]] | | [[Category:Battles]] |
| | + | [[Category:2003 Creeperian coup d'état| ]] |
| | + | [[Category:Augusto Cabañeras Gutiérrez]] |
| | + | [[Category:Alexander II of Creeperopolis]] |
