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| | + | {{Short description|Coup attempt in Creeperopolis in 2003}} |
| | + | {{use dmy dates|date=September 2021}} |
| | + | {{redirect|Creeperian coup|other coups d'état in Creeperopolis|List of coups d'état in Creeperopolis}} |
| | {{Infobox military conflict | | {{Infobox military conflict |
| − | | conflict = 2003 Creeperian Coup d'État | + | | conflict = 2003 Creeperian coup attempt |
| − | | partof = the [[Creeperian Conflicts]] | + | | partof = the [[Creeperian Conflicts]] |
| − | | image = Golpe de Estado 1973.jpg | + | | image = File:Leaders of the 2003 Creeperian coup d'état.png |
| − | | image_size = 400px | + | | image_size = 400px |
| − | | caption = The bombing of the [[San Salvador Imperial Palace]] on during the coup by the [[Creeperian Air Force]]. | + | | caption = The [[Romerist Military Junta]], formed after the coup |
| − | | date = June 18, 2003 | + | | date = {{start date and age|2003|06|18|df=y}} |
| − | | place = [[October 16 Regime|Creeperopolis]]
| + | | place = [[San Salvador, San Salvador|San Salvador]], [[Creeperopolis]] |
| − | | coordinates = | + | | result = Coup attempt failed |
| − | | map_type = | + | | combatant1 = {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Creeperopolis|Creeperian government]] |
| − | | latitude = | + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis|military}} [[Creeperian Armed Forces|Armed Forces]] |
| − | | longitude = | + | | combatant2 = {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} Alfonso supporters |
| − | | map_size =
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis|military}} [[Creeperian Armed Forces|Armed Forces]] (rebels) |
| − | | map_caption =
| + | | commander1 = {{plainlist| |
| − | | territory =
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Romero III of Creeperopolis|Romero III]]{{KIA}} |
| − | | result = *[[October 16 Regime]] overthrown
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Alexander II of Creeperopolis|Alexander, Prince of Usqulúmen]] |
| − | *Death of [[Alfonso VI of Creeperopolis|Alfonso VI]]
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Augusto Cabañeras Gutiérrez]] |
| − | *[[Alexander II of Creeperopolis|Alexander II]] assumes power
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Edmundo González Robles]] |
| − | *[[Constitution of Creeperopolis]] reinstated
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Arturo Merino Núñez]] |
| − | | combatant1 = {{flagicon|Creeperopolis}} [[October 16 Regime|Creeperian Government]]<br/>{{flagicon|Creeperopolis}} [[Creeperian Armed Forces|Loyal Armed Forces]] | + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Gerardo Barrios Dueñas]] |
| − | *[[Creeperian Imperial Guard]]
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Venancio López Requena]] |
| − | | combatant1a = | |
| − | | combatant2 = {{flagicon|Creeperopolis|1949}} [[Creeperian Armed Forces|Rebel Armed Forces]]
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| − | *[[Creeperian Army]]
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| − | *[[Creeperian Navy]]
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| − | *[[Creeperian Air Force]]
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| − | *''[[National Intelligence Directorate]]''
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| − | '''Supported by:'''<br />[[File:Flag of the Papal States (1825-1870).svg|23px|border]] [[Second State of the Church|Papal State]]
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| − | | commander1 = {{flagicon|Creeperopolis|1949}} [[Alfonso VI of Creeperopolis|Alfonso VI]] †<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis|1949}} [[Armando Figueroa Molina]] †<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis|1949}} [[Rubén Franco Alcabú]] {{executed}} | |
| − | | commander2 = {{flagicon|Creeperopolis|1949}} [[Alexander II of Creeperopolis|Alexander II]]<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis|1949}} [[Augusto Cabañeras Gutiérrez]]<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis|1949}} [[José Guerrero López]]<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis|1949}} [[Felipe Cambeiro Cavallería]]<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis|1949}} [[Gustavo González Jure]]<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis|1949}} [[Martín Gutiérrez Sánchez]]<br />{{flagicon|Creeperopolis|1949}} [[Venancio López Requena]]
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| − | | strength1 = 300 guards<br />3 commanders
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| − | | strength2 = 1,200,000 soldiers<br />300 tanques<br />5,000 artillery pieces<br />50 ships<br />100 aircraft
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| − | | casualties1 = 302 dead, 1 executed
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| − | | casualties2 = 17 dead
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| − | | casualties3 = 319 in total during the coup
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| − | | notes =
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| | }} | | }} |
| − | | + | | commander2 = {{plainlist| |
| − | {{Alexander II series}} | + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Alfonso VI of Creeperopolis|Alfonso, Prince of La'Victoria]]{{KIA}} |
| − | | + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Armando Figueroa Molina]]{{KIA}} |
| − | The '''2003 Creeperian Coup d'État''' was a civil military operation which deposed the four year-long [[October 16 Regime|totalitarian regime]] led by Emperor [[Alfonso VI of Creeperopolis|Alfonso VI]]. The coup was carried out on June 18, 2003 and was led by the future Emperor [[Alexander II of Creeperopolis|Alexander II]] and Creeperian Army [[Chief Field Marshal (Creeperopolis)|Chief Field Marshal]] [[Augusto Cabañeras Gutiérrez]].
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Rubén Franco Alcabú]]{{executed}} |
| − | | + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Carlos Menem Menem]]{{executed}} |
| − | The [[Creeperian Initiative]] initially condemned the coup, but afterwards supported the coup and transferred leadership to Alexander II after the previous [[2003-2004 Creeperian Purges|leadership was purged]]. Alexander II remains in power to this day.
| + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[José Costa Araujo]]{{executed}} |
| − | | + | * {{flagdeco|Creeperopolis}} [[Roberto Morales Obregón]]{{executed}} |
| − | The coup maked a watershed moment in Creeperian history and began the true modernization of the nation and the growth of its economy. The coup has been proclaimed by [[Propaganda in Creeperopolis|Creeperian propaganda]] as an event which saved the nation from demise.
| + | }} |
| − | | + | | strength1 = |
| − | == Background ==
| + | | strength2 = |
| − | | + | | casualties1 = |
| − | === Political and Military Situation ===
| + | | casualties2 = |
| − | | + | | casualties3 = [[List of people killed by and disappeared by the Creeperian government during the 2003–2004 Creeperian Purges|Thousands killed or missing in subsequent purges]] |
| − | {{main|October 16 Regime}} | + | | campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Creeperian Conflicts}} |
| − | | |
| − | On October 16, 1999, [[List of Creeperian Monarchs|Emperor]] [[Romero III of Creeperopolis|Romero III]] died without an heir. This left his younger brother, [[Alfonso VI of Creeperopolis|Alfonso VI]], to become Emperor. Alfonso VI took the absolute nature of the monarchy to an extreme and ushered in an era known in Creeperian history as the [[October 16 Regime]]. The regime was known for its totalitarian nature. Alfonso VI cut funding and numbers to the [[National Intelligence Directorate]] (abbreviated DINA, the Creeperian secret police) and also reduced funding to the three major brances of the [[Creeperian Armed Forces]]: the [[Creeperian Army|Army]], [[Creeperian Navy|Navy]], and [[Creeperian Air Force|Air Force]]. The cut funding went to his own private spending and to the [[Creeperian Imperial Guard]] as a way to assure himself a long, comfortable, and luxurious reign with no fear of being toppled or assassinated.
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| − | The massive cut in funding angered all three major branches of the Creeperian Amred Forces. [[Emmanuel Cabañeras Videla]], the [[Chief Field Marshal (Creeperopolis)|Chief Field Marshal]] of the Army, the [[Minister of Defense of Creeperopolis|Minister of Defense]], and the [[Chief of the DINA]] (all since 1976), was the most enraged of the three commanders, the others being [[Chief Admiral (Creeperopolis)|Chief Admiral]] [[José Guerrero López]] of the Navy and [[Chief General (Creeperopolis)|Chief General]] [[Felipe Cambeiro Cavallería]] of the Air Force.
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| − | Alfonso VI saw that his Minister of Defense, his second-in-command and right hand man, was showing several signs of disloyalty and anger with his regime. Wishing to eliminate any possibility of a coup, Alfonso VI began planning the removal of Cabañeras Videla. On October 22, 2002, Emmanuel Cabañeras Videla was found dead in his mansion which was inherited through his father, [[Alfonso Cabañeras Moreno]]. The official autopsy found that Cabañeras Videla had died of a heart attack. However, many believed that he was, in fact, assassinated on orders of Alfonso VI as a way to eliminate any chance of a coup. (After the coup, the government officially labeled Cabañeras Videla's death as an assassination by cyanide poisoning.)
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| − | With his greatest potential rival and threat eliminated, Alfonso VI elevated his former Minister of Defense's son, [[Augusto Cabañeras Gutiérrez]], as the next Minister of Defense, Chief Field Marshal, and Chief of the DINA. Alfonso VI believed that Cabañeras Gutiérrez would be more loyal than his father and predecessor as he had given him vasts amounts of bribes in the form of direct cash, luxurious vehicles, and even gold from the treasury. He gave the same bribes to Guerrero López and Cambeiro Cavallería to keep their loyalty.
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| − | Meanwhile, the [[Chief Guard (Creeperopolis)|Chief Guard]] of the [[Creeperian Imperial Guard]], [[Armando Figueroa Molina]], was showered with the greatest bribes, riches, and rewards for his constant loyalty to the regime. From 1999-2003, the Imperial Guard, which had always been regarded as the least important of the four branches of the armed forces, had begun to grow in power and influence in the government, in tern, diminishing the power of the army, navy, and air force over time.
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| − | | |
| − | === Planning the Coup ===
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| − | Beginning in February 2003, Cabañeras Gutiérrez, Guerrero López, and Cambeiro Cavallería began meeting in secret to discuss a possible plot to overthrow the regime. The three knew that there were three major problems standing in the way of a successful coup. The first was the Imperial Guard, but it was regarded as a non-factor in the end as they know that a coup against the Imperial Guard is possible as it has been accomplished multiple times (ie. [[1550 Creeperian Coup d'État]], [[Monarch's Revolution]], [[Revolution of 1833]], etc.).
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| − | The second major problem the conspiracy faced was the reaction of the [[Second State of the Church|State of the Church]] and the [[Pope of Creeperopolis|Pope]], at the time [[Juan Pablo II of Creeperopolis|Juan Pablo II]]. The three did not want to lose the trust and support of the [[Creeperian Catholic Church]] as the body has a massive influence over Creeperian culture and society in general. Upsetting the Church was an easy way to lose faith with the people and possibly put the conspirators at risk of being overthrown themselves or beginning a second [[Creeperian Civil War|civil war]]. Creeperopolis [[Creeperian Conflicts|was already unstable enough as it was at the time]] and the three did not want to make the situation worse.
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| − | | |
| − | The third, and probably the greatest threat to the plot, was the people of [[Creeperopolis]]. The three men had no idea how the Creeperian people would react to the overthrow of their government. The three believed the regime to be unpopular, but there was no real way to find out at the time. They, however, knew how to gain the support of the people.
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| − | The three approached the eldest son of Alfonso VI, [[List of Salvadoran Monarchs|Grand Prince]] [[Alexander II of Creeperopolis|Alexander Martínez Hernández]], and asked him if he wished to join in on the plot to depose his father. After a large bribe and promises of power, Alexander Martínez Hernández joined aboard the plot.
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| − | | |
| − | With the likely approval of the people secured, the comspirators needed the approval of the Church. The three approached Juan Pablo II and pleaded their case against Alfonso VI. They presented evidence of totalitarianism and used evidence of their own war crimes, but labeled as the crimes of the regime itself, as evidence against Alfonso VI. After a month of appeals and persuasion, the conspiracy recieved the support of the Church in late May 2003.
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| − | With all the support they need, each commander spoke to their respective soldiers to recruit them to the coup. After the military itself was brought onboard, a date was scheduled: June 18, 2003, would be the day the Creeperian Armed Forces overthrow the government of the Holy Traditionalist Empire of Creeperopolis.
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| − | | |
| − | == Coup ==
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| − | === Conspirators ===
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| − | ==== Army ====
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| − | {{main|Creeperian Army}} | |
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| − | The coup to topple the totalitarian regime of Alfonso VI began on the command of Augusto Cabañeras Gutiérrez at 9:11am, San Salvador Time (SST), on June 18, 2003. The coup started with the [[I Creeperian Army Corps|I]] and [[II Creeperian Army Corps]] moving into positions to surround the city of [[San Salvador (city)|San Salvador]] to prevent Alfonso VI escaping via land, followed by the [[III Creeperian Army Corps|III]] and the [[IX Creeperian Army Corps]] setting up offensive positions in the city near the [[San Salvador Imperial Palace]]. The [[VII Creeperian Army Corps]] was stationed at the [[St. Romero I Martínez International Airport|Alfonso I Martínez International Aiport]]. The [[Black Division|División Negra]], the elite of the Creeperian Army, was ordered to surround the Imperial Palace and to prepare for a storming of the Palace.
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| − | The [[III Creeperian Army Corps]] was ordered to begin the artillery shelling of the Imperial Palace at 9:58am. At 10:00am, the Army siezed a radio station in San Salvador and sent a broadcast to the nation saying:
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| − | {{quote|"Do not fear faithful Creeperans. This is not a malicious nor foreign nor [Senvarian] takeover of the Fatherland or toppling of the government. Instead, the Armed Forces of the [Creeperian] Fatherland and the [Creeperian Catholic] Church have witnessed the totalitarianism of the regime of Alfonso VI. Under the guide of the Lord God, we are removing this wicked government from power and are installing a truthful, honest, and benevolent government, a new Emperor on the Imperial throne from the line of Martínez. Long live Creeperopolis! Long live the Fatherland! Long live God!"}} | |
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| − | The Army was then ordered to storm the Palace and to offer no quarter to the Imperial Guards who have "betrayed the Fatherland" (after the Air Force and artillery completed bombing the Palace). The guards were ruthlessly massacred by the Army, with an estimated 300 guards being slaughtered.
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| − | ==== Navy ====
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| − | {{main|Creeperian Navy}} | |
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| − | The day before the coup, Guerrero López quietly, without the knowledge of Alfonso VI, moved 50 warships to [[Lake San Salvador]] to prevent any possibility for the Emperor to flee via the lake.
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| − | ==== Air Force ====
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| − | {{main|Creeperian Air Force}} | |
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| − | The Air Force, under orders of Cambeiro Cavallería, captured the four major airports of [[San Salvador (department)|San Salvador]] to prevent Alfonso VI from escaping via the air.
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| − | Then, the Air Force began bombing the Imperial Palace to damage any possible defenses and to kill as many guards as possible before it is stormed by the Army.
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| − | ==== Alexander Martínez Hernández ====
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| − | {{main|Alexander II of Creeperopolis}} | |
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| − | The day before the coup, Alexander Martínez Hernández left the Imperial Palace to [[Zapatista]] under the guise of inspecting Army positions in the area in preparation for an operation against [[Mara Salvatrucha]] in the [[Mara War]]. After leaving [[San Salvador (department)|San Salvador]], Martínez Hernández met up with Cabañeras Gutiérrez to prepare for the coup.
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| − | Throughout the coup, Martínez Hernández did little and was merely and observer in his rise to power.
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| − | === Leaders of the Coup ===
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| − | {{Gallery | |
| − | | title = Leaders of the 2003 Creeperian Coup d'État
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| − | | align = center
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| − | | footer =
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| − | | style =
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| − | | state = | |
| − | | height = | |
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| − | | captionstyle = | |
| − | | File:A. Pinochet Stamp cropped.jpg | |
| − | | alt1=
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| − | | <center>[[Chief Field Marshal (Creeperopolis)|JMC]] [[Chief of the DINA|JDINA]]<br />[[Augusto Cabañeras Gutiérrez]]</center> | |
| − | | File:Almirante Codina.jpg
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| − | | alt2=
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| − | | <center>[[Chief Admiral (Creeperopolis)|JAD]]<br />[[José Guerrero López]]</center>
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| − | | File:Comandante en jefe de la Fuerza Aérea, Jorge Robles Mella.jpg
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| − | | alt3=
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| − | | <center>[[Chief General (Creeperopolis)|JGN]]<br />[[Felipe Cambeiro Cavallería]]</center>
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| | }} | | }} |
| | | | |
| − | === October 16 Regime ===
| + | The '''2003 Creeperian coup attempt''', known in [[Creeperopolis]] as '''18–J''' ([[Creeperian language|Creeperian]]: 18–Ջ), was a failed coup attempt which sought to install [[Alfonso, Prince of La'Victoria]], the second son of Emperor [[Romero III of Creeperopolis|Romero III]], as the emperor of Creeperopolis. During the coup, Romero III was killed by rebel forces loyal to Alfonso, but Alfonso himself was also killed and military forces loyal to Romero III asserted control over the country and established the [[Romerist Military Junta]]. The junta proclaimed [[Alexander II of Creeperopolis|Alexander, Prince of Usqulúmen]] as the country's emperor. |
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| − | {{main|October 16 Regime}}
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| − | ==== Imperial Guard ====
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| − | {{main|Creeperian Imperial Guard}}
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| − | The Imperial Guard was caught completely off guard by the coup. Of the total 70,000 Imperial Guards enlisted at the time, only 300 were at the Imperial Palace and ready to defend the Emperor.
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| − | [[Chief Guard (Creeperopolis)|Chief Guard]] [[Armando Figueroa Molina]] remained loyal to Alfonso VI and swore to defend the Emperor until the end. When the assault began with the bombings and shelling, several guards were killed and wounded. When the División Negra initiated the storming, all the guards were massacred, including Figueroa Molina. | |
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| − | The remaining guards were forced to surrender and pledge allegiance to Alexander II following the coup.
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| − | ==== Alfonso VI ====
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| − | {{main|Alfonso VI of Creeperopolis}}
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| − | Alfonso VI was taken completely by surprise by the coup. He knew that he had not kept the loyalty of the armed forces and that he will either be killed or imprisoned. When the shelling and bombing began, he moved to the bunker below the Imperial Palace.
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| − | As the soldiers were storming the Palace, he committed suicide to prevent capture.
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| − | == Aftermath ==
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| − | === Casualties ===
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| − | Following the coup, the conspirators assessed that 17 of their men died in the storming of the palace. Meanwhile, all 300 of the Imperial Guards and both Alfonso VI and Figueroa Molina were either killed or committed suicide.
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| − | The death of Alfonso VI allowed his son, Alexander II, to ascend to the Imperial throne of Creeperopolis.
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| − | === Alexander II ===
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| − | {{main|Alexander II of Creeperopolis}}
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| − | After the success of the coup and the death of his father, Alexander II rose to the Imperial throne and became the [[List of Creeperian Monarchs|Emperor of Creeperopolis and the Creeperans]], [[Holy Protector of the State of the Church]], [[List of Salvadoran Monarchs|Emperor of El Salvador]], [[List of Senvar-Senvekian Monarchs|King of Senvar-Senvek]], [[List of Atlántidan Monarchs|King of Atlántida]], and [[List of Castillianan Monarchs|King of Castilliano]].
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| − | Pope Juan Pablo II expressed his approval and support of the coup and coronated Alexander II on September 15, 2003, in accordance with Creeperian tradition.
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| − | === DINA ===
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| − | | |
| − | [[File:2003-2004 Creeperian Purges Document.jpg|thumb|right|A leaked document outlining the DINA plan to purge supporters of Alfonso VI.]]
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| − | {{main|National Intelligence Directorate}}
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| − | After the coup, the DINA's funding was increased and it was restaffed to the point to where it was before Alfonso VI took power.
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| − | ==== Purges ====
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| − | {{main|2003-2004 Creeperian Purges}}
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| − | During Alfonso VI's regime, he installed many cronies and loyalists into positions of power. As Chief of the DINA, Cabañeras Gutiérrez used his powers in the secret police to arrest more than 80,000 people, with 5,200 to 8,200 being executed, and tens of thousands more being tortured.
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| − | The purge was the largest purge in Creeperian history.
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| − | === Creeperian Initiative ===
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| − | {{main|Creeperian Initiative}}
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| − | When the [[Creeperian Initiative|Initiative of Creeperopolis]] found out about the coup as it started, the leadership condemned the coup, as the leadership of the Initiative was full of Alfonso VI loyalists.
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| − | After the coup, Initiative leadership was purged and restaffed with loyalists and supporters of Alexander II.
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| − | == Legacy ==
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| − | | |
| − | The 2003 Creeperian Coup D'état marked a watershed moment in Creeperian history and began its true modernization. Following the coup, the Creeperian economy experienced a massive boom known as the ''[[Miracle of Creeperopolis]]''. | |
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| − | The coup is celebrated in Creeperopolis every June 18 with military celebrations. The coup is portrayed as a beacon of freedom and the beginning of liberty, prosperity, and success for [[Creeperopolis]] and the [[Creeperans]].
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| − | The coup is often compared to the [[Revolution of 1833]] by Emperor [[Adolfo III of Creeperopolis|Adolfo III]].
| + | == External links == |
| | | | |
| − | == See Also ==
| + | {{2003 Creeperian coup d'état category}} |
| | | | |
| − | *[[Alexander II of Creeperopolis]] | + | * [https://nsindex.net/wiki/2003_Creeperian_Coup_D%27état 2003 Creeperian coup d'état (NSIndex; 22 September 2019)] |
| − | *[[Augusto Cabañeras Gutiérrez]]
| + | * [https://iiwiki.us/wiki/2003_Creeperian_Coup_d%27État 2003 Creeperian coup d'état (IIWiki; 2 March 2020)] |
| − | *[[José Guerrero López]]
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| − | *[[Felipe Cambeiro Cavallería]]
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| − | * [[Creeperian Armed Forces]]
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| − | **[[Creeperian Army]] | |
| − | **[[Creeperian Navy]]
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| − | **[[Creeperian Air Force]]
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| − | **[[Creeperian Imperial Guard]]
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| − | *[[Creeperopolis]]
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| − | *[[Revolution of 1833]]
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| | + | {{2003 Creeperian coup d'état}} |
| | + | {{Creeperian coups}} |
| | + | {{Coup d'état}} |
| | {{Creeperian Conflicts}} | | {{Creeperian Conflicts}} |
| | {{Creeperian Armed Forces}} | | {{Creeperian Armed Forces}} |
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| | [[Category:Creeperian Conflicts]] | | [[Category:Creeperian Conflicts]] |
| | [[Category:Battles]] | | [[Category:Battles]] |
| − | {{portal|Creeperopolis|Creeperopolis Terraconserva}}
| + | [[Category:2003 Creeperian coup d'état| ]] |
| | + | [[Category:Augusto Cabañeras Gutiérrez]] |
| | + | [[Category:Alexander II of Creeperopolis]] |
