Difference between revisions of "Romerism"

From The League Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Text replacement - "Creeperian Spanish" to "Creeperian")
 
(88 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
{{Romerism sidebar}}
+
{{short description|Creeperian right-wing political ideology}}
 +
{{use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
 +
{{use Jackian|date=October 2022}}
 +
{{for|the ideology's namesake|Romero I of Creeperopolis}}
 +
[[File:Romero I (1946).png|thumb|right|260px|Creeperian Emperor [[Romero I of Creeperopolis|Romero I]] ({{abbr|r.|reigned}} 1933–1946), after whom Romerism is named.]]
 +
{{Romerism sidebar|expanded=Core Tenets}}
 +
'''Romerism''' ([[Creeperian language|Creeperian]] – [[Creeperian script|Creeperian]]: Րոմերիսմո; Creeperian – [[Iberic script|Iberic]]: ''Romerismo''; Creeperian pronunciation: {{color|#122080|[ro.meɾˈis.mo]}}) is a form of far-right ultranationalism that is characterized by authoritarian or totalitarian power, forcible suppression of opposition, and a strong regimentation of society with a liberal economic approach. The ideology came to prominence during the [[Second Parliamentary Era]] of [[Creeperopolis]], during the [[Creeperian Civil War]], and following the conclusion of the conflict during the period of 1887 to 1950. The ideology is opposed to liberalism, democracy, [[Qarl Marx|Marxism]], anarchism, and [[Miguelism]], the ideology's far-left counterpart. The ideology is placed on the far-right of the political spectrum, and several Romerist movements have branded themselves as such.
  
−
'''Romerism''' ([[Creeperian Spanish]]: '''Romerismo''') was the political ideology of the [[Catholic Imperial Restoration Council]] (also called the Romerists) during the [[Creeperian Civil War]], and currently, of the [[Creeperian Initiative]], officially known as the Nationalist Creeperian Catholic Royal Initiative and the Pro-Fatherland Front of Unification, as well as Initiative branches in [[El Salvador]] and the [[Second State of the Church|State of the Church]]. Under the leadership of [[St. Romero I of Creeperopolis|Romero I]] and [[Romero II of Creeperopolis|Romero II]], it largely became an authoritarian, Catholic, conservative ideology connected with [[Creeperopolis]] and its protectorates.
+
The ideology formed under the [[National Conservative Party (Creeperopolis)|National Conservative Party]] (PCN), the [[Catholic Royalist Party]] (PRC). and the [[Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front]] (FPPC) during the Second Parliamentary Era, but each movement had their own distinct ideologies. Romerism itself was formed by the [[Catholic Imperial Restoration Council]] during the Creeperian Civil War from 1933 to 1949 and united the various right-wing ideologies into one. The ideology was named after Emperor [[Romero I of Creeperopolis|Romero I]], the leader of the Catholic Imperial Restoration Council, commonly known as simply the Imperial Council or the Romerists, who were in opposition to the [[National Council for Peace and Order]], commonly known as simply the National Council or the Miguelists.
  
−
Romerism places a strong emphasis on [[Creeperian Catholic Church|Creeperian Catholic]] religious identity. Falangism emphasized the need for total authority, hierarchy, and order in society. Romerism strongly emphasizes anti-communism and pro-capitalism and is generally anti-democratic. Romerism promoted the revival of a [[Creeperian Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Creeperopolis]] due to the ongoing [[Creeperian Civil War|civil war]] against the secular/atheist [[National Council for Peace and Order]], commonly called the Miguelists.
+
Presently, Romerism is the official ideology of the [[Creeperian Initiative]] (IRCCN y la'FPPU), the [[Salvadoran Initiative]] (INSAL), and the [[Creeperian League (Sequoyah)|Creeperian League]] (LECRE). Previously, Romerism was espoused by the [[Salvadoran Pro-Fatherland Front]] (FPPS) and the [[Creeperian Conservative Coalition]] (CCC). Conversely, some political parties, including the [[Anti-Romerist Revolutionary Front]] (FRAR) and the [[National Progressive Party]] (PPF), have described themselves as being [[Anti-Romerism|anti-Romerist]].
  
−
Romerism has attacked the political left as its "enemy", especially the far-left. The [[Creeperian Initiative]] declares itself Far-Right, with many exiled Creeperian communists branding it as fascist.
+
Romerism places a strong emphasis on [[Creeperian Catholic Church|Creeperian Catholic]] religious identity, with the promotion of [[National Catholicism]] being the ideology's most important characteristic. Romerism also emphasizes the need for total authority, hierarchy, order in society, and anti-communism. Early-Romerism promoted the revival of a Catholic Creeperopolis due to secularization in the early-1900s and the civil war of the 1930s and 1940s. The ideology has been criticized as fascistic and has been widely condemned for its anti-democratic, authoritarian, and non-inclusive nature.
  
 
== Etymology ==
 
== Etymology ==
  
−
"Romerism" is named after Creeperian [[List of Creeperian Monarchs|Emperor]] [[Romero I of Creeperopolis|Romero I]] who lead the [[Catholic Imperial Restoration Council]] during the [[Creeperian Civil War]] from 1933 to 1946. The ideology he helped establish was named in his honor.
+
{{Romero I of Creeperopolis series}}
  
−
== Definitions ==
+
The term ''Romerism'' is derived from the name of the reigning [[Monarchy of Creeperopolis|Creeperian Emperor]] from 1933 to 1946: [[Romero I of Creeperopolis|Romero I]]. He led the right-wing [[Catholic Imperial Restoration Council]] (Imperial Council) during the [[Creeperian Civil War]] of 1933 to 1946 against the left-wing [[National Council for Peace and Order]] (National Council) which was led by his younger brother, [[Miguel VII of Creeperopolis|Miguel VII]], after whom [[Miguelism]] is named.
  
−
"If it is right-wing, it is Romerist," stated [[Lyoa|Lyoan]] politician [[Martin Kamikuwe]] from the right-wing [[Revolutionary United Front]].  
+
Both when the term ''Romerism'' was first used and who coined the term are unknown, but its earliest confirmed usage dates to around 1938. The most probable origin of the term is that it was likely named after Romero I due to his unifying leadership of the country's various right-wing factions, which all were competing come out as the leading force following the civil war. The Imperial Council's various factions united under Romero I, and overtime, merged into a single political entity in 1949 following Romero I's death and the end of the civil war. His successor, [[Romero II of Creeperopolis|Romero II]], reinforced the use of the term ''Romerism'' in honor of his father and to maintain the unity Romero I built among the Imperial Council's factions.
  
−
According to many scholars, Romerism – especially once in power – has historically attacked communism, socialism, and liberalism, attracting support primarily from the right, be it center-right, right-wing, or far-right.
+
No known instances of Romero I himself using the term ''Romerism'' in an official capacity exist, and it is unknown if he ever used the term in private. He has, however, been documented as using the term ''Miguelism'' which was first used around the same time as ''Romerism'', and scholars assert that Romero I was at the very least aware of the term's existence.
  
−
One common definition of the term, frequently cited by reliable sources as a standard definition, is that of professor [[Orlando Pareja Palau]]. Despite being a Romerist himself, leading to citations of bias, his definition is, in reality, mostly accurate. He focuses on three concepts:
+
In the establishment of the [[Creeperian Initiative]] (IRCCN y la'FPPU), which united all factions of the Imperial Council, the party's leadership proclaimed that Romerism was the party's core political ideology, and that Romerism would "lead Creeperopolis to peace and prosperity". Throughout 1949 and the early-1950s, the [[Cortes Generales]] passed several laws which codified Romerism as a national doctrine, further spreading solidifying the use of the term and what ideologies applied to it.
  
−
#"Romerist Negations": Anti-Liberalism, [[Anti-Communism in Creeperopolis|Anti-Communism]], and Anti-Socialism;
+
== Definition ==
−
#"Romerist Goals": The creation of a [[Creeperian Nationalism|Nationalist]] [[List of Creeperian Monarchs|Monarchy]] to regulate economic structure and to transform social relations within a modern, self-determined culture, and the expansion of the nation into an empire;
 
−
#"Romerist Style": a political aesthetic of romantic symbolism, mass mobilization, a positive view of violence, and promotion of masculinity, [[Young Creeperans|youth]], and charismatic authoritarian leadership.
 
  
−
More left-leaning sources cite Romerism as being dictatorial, totalitarian, racist, homophobic, and intolerant to all religions that are not [[Creeperian Catholic Church|Creeperian Catholicism]].
+
According to most historians and political scientists, Romerism is an authoritarian form of conservatism which encompasses elements of nationalism, militarism, monarchism, and anti-communism to assert absolute control over government and society. It is generally placed on the far-right of the political spectrum, and many Romerist theorists and advocates assert that Romerism is a right-wing to far-right ideology. Additionally, Romerism attracts support from the political right due to its anti-communist, anti-liberal, and anti-progressive agendas.
  
−
=== Position in the Political Spectrum ===
+
According to the Creeperian-born Salvadoran politician and professor [[Orlando Pareja Palau]], Romerism is centered around three main "destinies":
  
−
Romerism falls to the extreme right on practically every political, social, and economic topic, making the ideology itself Far-Right.
+
# Preservation of God, tradition, and society
 +
# Eradication of degeneracy, leftism, and democracy
 +
# Securement of peace, justice, and tranquility
 +
 
 +
In the 1930s and early 1940s, Romerism was not a distinct political ideology, but was generally used as an umbrella term to describe the various competing political ideologies of the Imperial Council. The Imperial Council unified a wide range of right-wing political ideologies under one banner against the leftist ideologies of the National Council, for which Miguelism also initially served as an umbrella term. The various ideologies under the banner of Romerism included:
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
 +
|-
 +
! Ideology
 +
! Founder
 +
! Emerged
 +
! Ideology
 +
! Organization(s)
 +
|-
 +
| [[Adolfism]]
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* [[Adolfo III of Creeperopolis|Adolfo III]]
 +
* [[Francisco Dueñas Díaz]]
 +
}}
 +
| 1830s to 1890s
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* Anti-Atheism
 +
* Anti-democratism
 +
* Anti-Islamism
 +
* Anti-Protestantism
 +
* Monarchism
 +
* National Catholicism
 +
* Nationalism
 +
* Social conservatism
 +
}}
 +
| [[Catholic Royalist Party]]
 +
|-
 +
| [[Espigism]]
 +
| [[Macos Espiga Mina]]
 +
| 1880s to 1890s
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* Conservatism
 +
* Parliamentarism
 +
}}
 +
| [[National Conservative Party (Creeperopolis)|National Conservative Party]]
 +
|-
 +
| [[Frentism]]
 +
| [[Adolfo Rivera López]]
 +
| 1940s
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* Anti-Atheism
 +
* Anti-communism
 +
* Anti-democratism
 +
* Anti-Islamism
 +
* Anti-Protestantism
 +
* Nationalism
 +
}}
 +
| [[Militarist Nationalist Front]]
 +
|-
 +
| [[Illescism]]
 +
| [[Máximo Illescas Freixa]]
 +
| 1930s
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* Anti-communism
 +
* Conservatism
 +
* Monarchism
 +
}}
 +
| [[National Conservative Party (Creeperopolis)|National Conservative Party]]
 +
|-
 +
| [[Negrism]]
 +
| [[Carlos Hernández Videla]]
 +
| 1920s
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* Anti-Atheism
 +
* Anti-capitalism
 +
* Anti-communism
 +
* Anti-democratism
 +
* Anti-monarchism
 +
* Fascism
 +
* Nationalism
 +
* Social conservatism
 +
}}
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* [[Camisas Negras]]
 +
* [[Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front]]
 +
}}
 +
|-
 +
| [[Sáenzism–Falangism]]
 +
| [[Antonio Sáenz Heredia]]
 +
| 1900s to 1910s
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* Anti-Atheism
 +
* Anti-communism
 +
* Anti-democratism
 +
* Anti-Islamism
 +
* Anti-Protestantism
 +
* Monarchism
 +
* National Catholicism
 +
* Nationalism
 +
* Social conservatism
 +
}}
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* [[Catholic Royalist Party]]
 +
* [[Falange Creeperiano]]
 +
}}
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
Many scholars and political scientists have identified the following as the primary tenants of the Romerist ideology:
 +
 
 +
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
 +
* Anti-Atheism
 +
* Anti-communism
 +
* Anti-democratism
 +
* Anti-Islamism
 +
* Anti-Protestantism
 +
* Authoritarianism/totalitarianism
 +
* Catholic nationalism
 +
* Creeperian nationalism
 +
* Imperialism
 +
* Monarchism
 +
* National Catholicism
 +
* Social conservatism
 +
{{div col end}}
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
  
−
=== Pre-Civil War ===
+
=== Pre-civil war origins ===
 +
 
 +
[[File:Porfirio Diaz in uniform.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Emperor Adolfo III in 1858.]]
 +
 
 +
For most of its existence, Creeperopolis was ruled by an absolute monarch. From 1565 to 1771, however, the country was primarily governed by a democratically elected [[First Parliament of Creeperopolis|parliament]], with the monarch solely serving as a figurehead. Additionally, from 1729 to 1730, the [[Monarch's Revolution|monarchy was abolished]] and a [[Republic of Creeperopolis|republic]] was declared. The parliament was abolished by King [[Manuel III of Creeperopolis|Manuel III]] in 1771 during the [[Revolution of Restoration]] and in 1778, he proclaimed himself as the first Emperor of Creeperopolis.
 +
 
 +
The monarchy's power peaked between 1833 and 1887 under Emperor [[Adolfo III of Creeperopolis|Adolfo III]], during a period known as the ''[[Adolfisto]]''. During his rule, Creeperian imperialism was at its peak, with the country involving itself in the [[Great Surian War]] and resulting in the annexations of the kingdoms of [[Annexation of Senvar|Senvar]] and [[Creeperian conquest of Rakeo|Rakeo]], as well as the annexation of land from [[Kingdom of Castilliano|Castilliano]]. Additionally, during the middle of his reign, Creeperopolis also [[Creeperian conquest of El Salvador|conquered El Salvador]]. The [[Creeperian Catholic Church]] also enjoyed many privileges and held a hegemony over Creeperian society.
 +
 
 +
During the mid-1880s, however, many intellectuals and students in Creeperopolis began calling for the [[Democratization of Creeperopolis|liberalization and democratization of the country]], but Adolfo III and the ruling class resisted their efforts. Violence emerged across the country for the return of democracy to the country, and after Adolfo III's death in 1887, Emperor [[Maximiliano II of Creeperopolis|Maximiliano II]] was forced to negotiate and allowed for [[1887 Creeperian general election|general elections]] to be held only three weeks after Adolfo III's death. The election resulted in the center-left [[National Liberal Party (Creeperopolis)|National Liberal Party]] (PLN) winning the election and [[Inhué Ordóñez Yepes]] becoming [[Prime Minister of Creeperopolis|prime minister]].
 +
 
 +
The center-right [[National Conservative Party (Creeperopolis)|National Conservative Party]] (PCN) supported the transition to democracy but opposed many of the proposed Liberals' reforms. In contrast, the right-wing [[Catholic Royalist Party]] (PRC) was strongly opposed to democracy and sought to full restoration of the absolute monarchy. The Royalists were led by [[Francisco Dueñas Díaz]], and many Liberals and Conservatives described his and the party's political positions as "[[Adolfism|Adolfist]]", a label which he and the party embraced. Adolfism is sometimes referred to by historians as "proto-Romerism" due to it being the effective forerunner of modern Romerism.
  
−
=== Civil War ===
+
=== Formation during the civil war ===
  
−
=== Post-Civil War ===
+
=== Post-civil war hegemony ===
  
 
== Tenants ==
 
== Tenants ==
  
−
=== Nationalism and Racialism ===
+
=== Authoritarianism or totalitarianism ===
 +
 
 +
=== Nationalism ===
 +
 
 +
{{see|Creeperian nationalism}}
 +
 
 +
[[File:Visita de Francisco Franco a la localidad de Tolosa (15 de 21) - Fondo Car-Kutxa Fototeka.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Romero I at a Catholic Royalist Party rally in San Romero in 1937.]]
 +
 
 +
{{clear}}
 +
 
 +
=== Militarism ===
 +
 
 +
[[File:Francisco Franco en la iglesia de Santa María durante la celebración de la Salve (9 de 9) - Fondo Car-Kutxa Fototeka.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Romero I in San Salvador in 1938 reviewing an imperial guard formation.]]
 +
 
 +
{{clear}}
  
−
{{see|Creeperian Nationalism}}
+
=== National Catholicism ===
  
−
Prior to and during the [[Creeperian Civil War]], the [[Catholic Royalist Party]] and the [[Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front]] established paramilitaries known as the ''[[Falange Creeperiano]]'' and the ''[[Camisas Negras]]'' which declared themselves to be nationalist and attacked the paramilitary of the [[Creeperian Social Communist Party]], the ''[[Atheist Red Army]]''. Both also supported the full unification of [[Atlántida (Kingdom)|Atlántida]], [[Castilliano (Kingdom)|Castilliano]], [[El Salvador]], and the [[Second State of the Church|State of the Church]] into [[Creeperopolis]]. During its early years of existence, the [[Catholic Royalist Party]] produced maps of [[Creeperopolis]] that included [[Atlántida (Kingdom)|Atlántida]], [[Castilliano (Kingdom)|Castilliano]], [[El Salvador]], and the [[Second State of the Church|State of the Church]] as [[Departments of Creeperopolis|departments]] of [[Creeperopolis]]. The [[Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front]] stated that a [[Creeperian Fascism|Fascist]] [[Creeperopolis]] would retake [[Atlántida (Kingdom)|Atlántida]] and incorporate [[Atlántida (Kingdom)|Atlántida]], [[El Salvador]], and the [[Second State of the Church|State of the Church]]. After the [[Creeperian Civil War]], the [[Catholic Royalist Party]] and the [[Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front]] were satisfied with the annexations of [[Atlántida (department)|Atlántida]] and [[Castilliano (department)|Castilliano]] on December 25, 1949.
+
{{main|National Catholicism}}
  
−
Some of the Romerist in [[Creeperopolis]] have supported racialism and racialist policies, viewing races as both real and existing with differing strengths, weaknesses and accompanying cultures inextricably obtained with them. However, unlike other racialists such as the [[National Council for Peace and Order|Miguelists]], Romerism is unconcerned about racial purity and does not denounce other races for being inferior, claiming "that every race has a particular cultural significance" and claiming that the intermixing of the [[Creeperans|Creeperian race]] and other races has produced a "[[Hispanidad|Hispanic supercaste]]" that is "ethically improved, morally robust, spiritually vigorous." It is less concerned about biological [[Creeperans|Creeperian]] racial regeneration than it was in advocating the necessity of [[Creeperian Catholic Church|Creeperian Catholic]] spiritual regeneration. Some have nonetheless promoted eugenics designed to eliminate physical and psychological damage caused by pathogenic agents. Romerism did and still does support natality policies to stimulate increased fertility rate among ideal physically and morally fit citizens.
+
[[File:Francisco Franco en la iglesia de Santa María durante la celebración de la Salve (5 de 9) - Fondo Car-Kutxa Fototeka.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Romero I with deleagtes of the Creeperian Catholic Church in San Salvador in 1946.]]
  
−
[[Ramón Serrano Suñer]] praised [[Creeperopolis]]' native, pre-Hispanic heritage, saying that the old [[Creeperans]] of the [[Old Kingdom of Creeperopolis]] gave [[Creeperans]] their "national love for law and order."
+
{{clear}}
  
−
[[Caudillo (Creeperopolis)|Caudillo]] of the [[Catholic Royalist Party]], [[Antonio Sáenz Heredia]], had little interest in addressing the [[Deltinian Islam|Muslim]] problem outside areas of political issues. The [[Catholic Royalist Party]]'s position was influenced by the fact of the small size of the Islamic community in [[Creeperopolis]] at the time that did not favor the development of strong [[Anti-Islamism in Creeperopolis|Anti-Islamism]]. [[Antonio Sáenz Heredia]] saw the solution to the Islamic problem in [[Creeperopolis]] as simple: the conversion of [[Deltinain Islam|Muslims]] to [[Creeperian Catholic Church|Catholicism]]. However, on the issue of perceived political tendencies amongst [[Deltinain Islam|Muslims]] he warned about [[Deltinain Islam|Islamic]]-[[Qarl Marx|Marxist]] influences over the working classes. The [[Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front]] under [[Carlos Hernández Videla]] and the [[Militarist Nationalist Front]] under [[Adolfo Rivera López]], however, saw the direct extermination of [[Deltinian Islam]] as the only option, most notably displayed in the [[Denshire Massacre]] of 1944.
+
=== Economics ===
  
−
The [[Creeperian Initiative]] and its Hispanic affiliates have promoted the cultural, economic and racial unity of Hispanic peoples across the world in "[[Hispanidad]]". It has sought to unite Hispanic peoples through proposals to create a commonwealth or federation of Spanish-speaking states headed by [[Creeperopolis]].
+
=== Anti-communism ===
  
−
=== Authoritarianism or Totalitarianism ===
+
{{main|Anti-Communism in Creeperopolis}}
  
−
=== Capitalist Economics ===
+
=== Social conservatism ===
  
−
=== Age and Gender Roles ===
+
=== Cult of personality ===
  
−
=== Action ===
+
[[File:Francoist demonstration in Salamanca.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A Romerist demonstration in San Salvador in 1951 led by the Creeperian Initiative.]]
 +
 
 +
{{clear}}
  
 
== Criticism ==
 
== Criticism ==
  
−
=== Anti-Democratic and Tyrannical ===
+
{{main|Anti-Romerism}}
 +
 
 +
=== Anti-democratic nature ===
 +
 
 +
== Symbology ==
 +
 
 +
=== Symbols ===
 +
 
 +
=== Mottos and slogans ===
 +
 
 +
* ''Devajo Dios yel Emperador'' (Under God and the Emperor)
 +
* ''Viva Creeperópolis'' (Hail Creeperopolis)
 +
* ''Viva Dios'' (Hail God)
 +
* ''Con Dios, Venceremos'' (We have Victory with God)
 +
* ''Con San Romero, Venceremos'' (We have Victory with Saint Romero)
 +
* ''Patria y Libertad'' (Fatherland and Liberty)
 +
* ''Quen la'Patria, Empieza la'Amanecer'' (For in the Fatherland, Dawn Begins)
 +
* ''Un Pueblo, Un Patria, Un Dios'' (One People, One Fatherland, One God)
 +
* ''Un Pueblo, Un Patria, Un Emperador'' (One People, One Fatherland, One Emperor)
 +
* ''Viva Cristo Rey'' (Hail Christ the King)
  
−
== Romerist Theorists ==
+
== Romerist theorists ==
  
−
[[File:AlejandroKarađorđević--storyofredcrossu00berruoft.png|thumb|right|[[Romero I of Creeperopolis|Romero I]].]]
+
[[File:Official portrait of Romero I, Emperor of Creeperopolis, in 1935.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Emperor [[Romero I of Creeperopolis|Romero I]] (1933–1946).]]
−
[[File:FOTOGRAFIA DE JOSE ANTONIO PRIMO DE RIVERA 2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Antonio Sáenz Heredia]].]]
+
[[File:FOTOGRAFIA DE JOSE ANTONIO PRIMO DE RIVERA 2.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Prime Minister [[Antonio Sáenz Heredia]] (1902–1907, 1912–1917, 1922–1927, 1928, 1935–1939).]]
−
[[File:Serrano Súñer.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ramón Serrano Suñer]].]]
+
[[File:Súñer en Alemania.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Deputy Prime Minister [[Ramón Serrano Suñer]] (1935–1949).]]
  
 
*[[Enrique Agramonte Leoz]]
 
*[[Enrique Agramonte Leoz]]
Line 76: Line 242:
 
*[[Benito Aparicio Capmany]]
 
*[[Benito Aparicio Capmany]]
 
*[[Manuel Arboleda Guillén]]
 
*[[Manuel Arboleda Guillén]]
−
*[[Hugo Bánzer Suárez]]
+
*[[Uxio Aponte Avellaneda]]
 
*[[Ignacio Barrios Prats]]
 
*[[Ignacio Barrios Prats]]
 
*[[Óscar Benavides Larrea]]
 
*[[Óscar Benavides Larrea]]
Line 103: Line 269:
 
*[[Alfonso VI of Creeperopolis|Alfonso VI Martínez Escobar]]
 
*[[Alfonso VI of Creeperopolis|Alfonso VI Martínez Escobar]]
 
*[[Romero III of Creeperopolis|Romero III Martínez Escobar]]
 
*[[Romero III of Creeperopolis|Romero III Martínez Escobar]]
−
*[[St. Romero I of Creeperopolis|Romero I Martínez Galdámez]]
+
*[[Romero I of Creeperopolis|Romero I Martínez Galdámez]]
 
*[[Romero II of Creeperopolis|Romero II Martínez Guerrero]]
 
*[[Romero II of Creeperopolis|Romero II Martínez Guerrero]]
 
*[[Alexander II of Creeperopolis|Alexander II Martínez Hernández]]
 
*[[Alexander II of Creeperopolis|Alexander II Martínez Hernández]]
Line 111: Line 277:
 
*[[Armando Molina Barraza]]
 
*[[Armando Molina Barraza]]
 
*[[Joaquin Noboa Chicote]]
 
*[[Joaquin Noboa Chicote]]
 +
*[[Orlando Pareja Palau]]
 
*[[Adolfo Rivera López]]
 
*[[Adolfo Rivera López]]
 
*[[Armando Rodríguez Vera]]
 
*[[Armando Rodríguez Vera]]
Line 123: Line 290:
 
*[[Rafael Videla Redondo]]
 
*[[Rafael Videla Redondo]]
  
−
== See Also ==
+
== See also ==
 +
 
 +
* [[Miguelism]]
 +
* [[Nerism]]
 +
 
 +
== External links ==
  
−
*[[Creeperian Initiative]]
+
* [https://nsindex.net/wiki/Romerism Romerism] (NSIndex; 15 September 2019)
−
*[[Catholic Imperial Restoration Council]]
+
* [https://iiwiki.us/wiki/Romerism Romerism] (IIWiki; 25 January 2020)
−
*[[Miguelism]]
 
  
 +
{{Fascism}}
 
{{Creeperopolis topics}}
 
{{Creeperopolis topics}}
  
 +
[[Category:Romerism| ]]
 
[[Category:Creeperopolis]]
 
[[Category:Creeperopolis]]
 
[[Category:Creeperopolis RP]]
 
[[Category:Creeperopolis RP]]
 
[[Category:Creeperopolis Terraconserva]]
 
[[Category:Creeperopolis Terraconserva]]
 
[[Category:Terraconserva]]
 
[[Category:Terraconserva]]
 +
[[Category:Creeperian Civil War]]
 +
[[Category:Creeperian Conflicts]]
 +
[[Category:Ideology]]
 +
[[Category:Right-wing ideology]]
 +
[[Category:Romero I of Creeperopolis]]
 +
[[Category:Augusto Cabañeras Gutiérrez]]

Latest revision as of 21:06, 12 March 2024

For the ideology's namesake, see Romero I of Creeperopolis.
Creeperian Emperor Romero I (r. 1933–1946), after whom Romerism is named.
Part of a series on
Romerism
Logo of the Creeperian Initiative.png
Organizations
History
Ideology
People
Literature
Lists
Related topics
Categories:

Romerism (Creeperian – Creeperian: Րոմերիսմո; Creeperian – Iberic: Romerismo; Creeperian pronunciation: [ro.meɾˈis.mo]) is a form of far-right ultranationalism that is characterized by authoritarian or totalitarian power, forcible suppression of opposition, and a strong regimentation of society with a liberal economic approach. The ideology came to prominence during the Second Parliamentary Era of Creeperopolis, during the Creeperian Civil War, and following the conclusion of the conflict during the period of 1887 to 1950. The ideology is opposed to liberalism, democracy, Marxism, anarchism, and Miguelism, the ideology's far-left counterpart. The ideology is placed on the far-right of the political spectrum, and several Romerist movements have branded themselves as such.

The ideology formed under the National Conservative Party (PCN), the Catholic Royalist Party (PRC). and the Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front (FPPC) during the Second Parliamentary Era, but each movement had their own distinct ideologies. Romerism itself was formed by the Catholic Imperial Restoration Council during the Creeperian Civil War from 1933 to 1949 and united the various right-wing ideologies into one. The ideology was named after Emperor Romero I, the leader of the Catholic Imperial Restoration Council, commonly known as simply the Imperial Council or the Romerists, who were in opposition to the National Council for Peace and Order, commonly known as simply the National Council or the Miguelists.

Presently, Romerism is the official ideology of the Creeperian Initiative (IRCCN y la'FPPU), the Salvadoran Initiative (INSAL), and the Creeperian League (LECRE). Previously, Romerism was espoused by the Salvadoran Pro-Fatherland Front (FPPS) and the Creeperian Conservative Coalition (CCC). Conversely, some political parties, including the Anti-Romerist Revolutionary Front (FRAR) and the National Progressive Party (PPF), have described themselves as being anti-Romerist.

Romerism places a strong emphasis on Creeperian Catholic religious identity, with the promotion of National Catholicism being the ideology's most important characteristic. Romerism also emphasizes the need for total authority, hierarchy, order in society, and anti-communism. Early-Romerism promoted the revival of a Catholic Creeperopolis due to secularization in the early-1900s and the civil war of the 1930s and 1940s. The ideology has been criticized as fascistic and has been widely condemned for its anti-democratic, authoritarian, and non-inclusive nature.

Etymology

Official portrait of Romero I, Emperor of Creeperopolis, in 1935 (cropped).jpg
This article is part of
a series about
Romero I of Creeperopolis
Reign as Emperor
Death
Ideology

Romero I of Creeperopolis's signature

Coat of Arms of Adolfo III of Creeperopolis.png

The term Romerism is derived from the name of the reigning Creeperian Emperor from 1933 to 1946: Romero I. He led the right-wing Catholic Imperial Restoration Council (Imperial Council) during the Creeperian Civil War of 1933 to 1946 against the left-wing National Council for Peace and Order (National Council) which was led by his younger brother, Miguel VII, after whom Miguelism is named.

Both when the term Romerism was first used and who coined the term are unknown, but its earliest confirmed usage dates to around 1938. The most probable origin of the term is that it was likely named after Romero I due to his unifying leadership of the country's various right-wing factions, which all were competing come out as the leading force following the civil war. The Imperial Council's various factions united under Romero I, and overtime, merged into a single political entity in 1949 following Romero I's death and the end of the civil war. His successor, Romero II, reinforced the use of the term Romerism in honor of his father and to maintain the unity Romero I built among the Imperial Council's factions.

No known instances of Romero I himself using the term Romerism in an official capacity exist, and it is unknown if he ever used the term in private. He has, however, been documented as using the term Miguelism which was first used around the same time as Romerism, and scholars assert that Romero I was at the very least aware of the term's existence.

In the establishment of the Creeperian Initiative (IRCCN y la'FPPU), which united all factions of the Imperial Council, the party's leadership proclaimed that Romerism was the party's core political ideology, and that Romerism would "lead Creeperopolis to peace and prosperity". Throughout 1949 and the early-1950s, the Cortes Generales passed several laws which codified Romerism as a national doctrine, further spreading solidifying the use of the term and what ideologies applied to it.

Definition

According to most historians and political scientists, Romerism is an authoritarian form of conservatism which encompasses elements of nationalism, militarism, monarchism, and anti-communism to assert absolute control over government and society. It is generally placed on the far-right of the political spectrum, and many Romerist theorists and advocates assert that Romerism is a right-wing to far-right ideology. Additionally, Romerism attracts support from the political right due to its anti-communist, anti-liberal, and anti-progressive agendas.

According to the Creeperian-born Salvadoran politician and professor Orlando Pareja Palau, Romerism is centered around three main "destinies":

  1. Preservation of God, tradition, and society
  2. Eradication of degeneracy, leftism, and democracy
  3. Securement of peace, justice, and tranquility

In the 1930s and early 1940s, Romerism was not a distinct political ideology, but was generally used as an umbrella term to describe the various competing political ideologies of the Imperial Council. The Imperial Council unified a wide range of right-wing political ideologies under one banner against the leftist ideologies of the National Council, for which Miguelism also initially served as an umbrella term. The various ideologies under the banner of Romerism included:

Many scholars and political scientists have identified the following as the primary tenants of the Romerist ideology:

  • Anti-Atheism
  • Anti-communism
  • Anti-democratism
  • Anti-Islamism
  • Anti-Protestantism
  • Authoritarianism/totalitarianism
  • Catholic nationalism
  • Creeperian nationalism
  • Imperialism
  • Monarchism
  • National Catholicism
  • Social conservatism

History

Pre-civil war origins

Emperor Adolfo III in 1858.

For most of its existence, Creeperopolis was ruled by an absolute monarch. From 1565 to 1771, however, the country was primarily governed by a democratically elected parliament, with the monarch solely serving as a figurehead. Additionally, from 1729 to 1730, the monarchy was abolished and a republic was declared. The parliament was abolished by King Manuel III in 1771 during the Revolution of Restoration and in 1778, he proclaimed himself as the first Emperor of Creeperopolis.

The monarchy's power peaked between 1833 and 1887 under Emperor Adolfo III, during a period known as the Adolfisto. During his rule, Creeperian imperialism was at its peak, with the country involving itself in the Great Surian War and resulting in the annexations of the kingdoms of Senvar and Rakeo, as well as the annexation of land from Castilliano. Additionally, during the middle of his reign, Creeperopolis also conquered El Salvador. The Creeperian Catholic Church also enjoyed many privileges and held a hegemony over Creeperian society.

During the mid-1880s, however, many intellectuals and students in Creeperopolis began calling for the liberalization and democratization of the country, but Adolfo III and the ruling class resisted their efforts. Violence emerged across the country for the return of democracy to the country, and after Adolfo III's death in 1887, Emperor Maximiliano II was forced to negotiate and allowed for general elections to be held only three weeks after Adolfo III's death. The election resulted in the center-left National Liberal Party (PLN) winning the election and Inhué Ordóñez Yepes becoming prime minister.

The center-right National Conservative Party (PCN) supported the transition to democracy but opposed many of the proposed Liberals' reforms. In contrast, the right-wing Catholic Royalist Party (PRC) was strongly opposed to democracy and sought to full restoration of the absolute monarchy. The Royalists were led by Francisco Dueñas Díaz, and many Liberals and Conservatives described his and the party's political positions as "Adolfist", a label which he and the party embraced. Adolfism is sometimes referred to by historians as "proto-Romerism" due to it being the effective forerunner of modern Romerism.

Formation during the civil war

Post-civil war hegemony

Tenants

Authoritarianism or totalitarianism

Nationalism

Further information: Creeperian nationalism
Romero I at a Catholic Royalist Party rally in San Romero in 1937.

Militarism

Romero I in San Salvador in 1938 reviewing an imperial guard formation.

National Catholicism

Main article: National Catholicism
Romero I with deleagtes of the Creeperian Catholic Church in San Salvador in 1946.

Economics

Anti-communism

Main article: Anti-Communism in Creeperopolis

Social conservatism

Cult of personality

A Romerist demonstration in San Salvador in 1951 led by the Creeperian Initiative.

Criticism

Main article: Anti-Romerism

Anti-democratic nature

Symbology

Symbols

Mottos and slogans

  • Devajo Dios yel Emperador (Under God and the Emperor)
  • Viva Creeperópolis (Hail Creeperopolis)
  • Viva Dios (Hail God)
  • Con Dios, Venceremos (We have Victory with God)
  • Con San Romero, Venceremos (We have Victory with Saint Romero)
  • Patria y Libertad (Fatherland and Liberty)
  • Quen la'Patria, Empieza la'Amanecer (For in the Fatherland, Dawn Begins)
  • Un Pueblo, Un Patria, Un Dios (One People, One Fatherland, One God)
  • Un Pueblo, Un Patria, Un Emperador (One People, One Fatherland, One Emperor)
  • Viva Cristo Rey (Hail Christ the King)

Romerist theorists

Emperor Romero I (1933–1946).
Prime Minister Antonio Sáenz Heredia (1902–1907, 1912–1917, 1922–1927, 1928, 1935–1939).
Deputy Prime Minister Ramón Serrano Suñer (1935–1949).

See also

External links

Retrieved from "https://lcnwiki.xyz/index.php?title=Romerism&oldid=176578"