Romerism

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For the ideology's namesake, see Romero I of Creeperopolis.
Creeperian Emperor Romero I (r. 1933–1946), after whom Romerism is named.
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Romerism (Creeperian Spanish – Creeperian: Րոմերիսմո; Creeperian Spanish – Iberic: Romerismo; Creeperian Spanish pronunciation: [ro.meɾˈis.mo]) is a form of far-right ultranationalism that is characterized by authoritarian or totalitarian power, forcible suppression of opposition, and a strong regimentation of society with a liberal economic approach. The ideology came to prominence during the Second Parliamentary Era of Creeperopolis, during the Creeperian Civil War, and following the conclusion of the conflict during the period of 1887 to 1950. The ideology is opposed to liberalism, democracy, Marxism, anarchism, and Miguelism, the ideology's far-left counterpart. The ideology is placed on the far-right of the political spectrum, and several Romerist movements have branded themselves as such.

The ideology formed under the National Conservative Party (PCN), the Catholic Royalist Party (PRC). and the Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front (FPPC) during the Second Parliamentary Era, but each movement had their own distinct ideologies. Romerism itself was formed by the Catholic Imperial Restoration Council during the Creeperian Civil War from 1933 to 1949 and united the various right-wing ideologies into one. The ideology was named after Emperor Romero I, the leader of the Catholic Imperial Restoration Council, commonly known as simply the Imperial Council or the Romerists, who were in opposition to the National Council for Peace and Order, commonly known as simply the National Council or the Miguelists.

Presently, Romerism is the official ideology of the Creeperian Initiative (IRCCN y la'FPPU), the Salvadoran Initiative (INSAL), and the Creeperian League (LECRE). Previously, Romerism was espoused by the Salvadoran Pro-Fatherland Front (FPPS) and the Creeperian Conservative Coalition (CCC). Conversely, some political parties, including the Anti-Romerist Revolutionary Front (FRAR) and the National Progressive Party (PPF), have described themselves as being anti-Romerist.

Romerism places a strong emphasis on Creeperian Catholic religious identity, with the promotion of National Catholicism being the ideology's most important characteristic. Romerism also emphasizes the need for total authority, hierarchy, order in society, and anti-communism. Early-Romerism promoted the revival of a Catholic Creeperopolis due to secularization in the early-1900s and the civil war of the 1930s and 1940s. The ideology has been criticized as fascistic and has been widely condemned for its anti-democratic, authoritarian, and non-inclusive nature.

Etymology

Official portrait of Romero I, Emperor of Creeperopolis, in 1935 (cropped).jpg
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The term Romerism is derived from the name of the reigning Creeperian Emperor from 1933 to 1946: Romero I. He led the right-wing Catholic Imperial Restoration Council (Imperial Council) during the Creeperian Civil War of 1933 to 1946 against the left-wing National Council for Peace and Order (National Council) which was led by his younger brother, Miguel VII, after whom Miguelism is named.

Both when the term Romerism was first used and who coined the term are unknown, but its earliest confirmed usage dates to around 1938. The most probable origin of the term is that it was likely named after Romero I due to his unifying leadership of the country's various right-wing factions, which all were competing come out as the leading force following the civil war. The Imperial Council's various factions united under Romero I, and overtime, merged into a single political entity in 1949 following Romero I's death and the end of the civil war. His successor, Romero II, reinforced the use of the term Romerism in honor of his father and to maintain the unity Romero I built among the Imperial Council's factions.

No known instances of Romero I himself using the term Romerism in an official capacity exist, and it is unknown if he ever used the term in private. He has, however, been documented as using the term Miguelism which was first used around the same time as Romerism, and scholars assert that Romero I was at the very least aware of the term's existence.

In the establishment of the Creeperian Initiative (IRCCN y la'FPPU), which united all factions of the Imperial Council, the party's leadership proclaimed that Romerism was the party's core political ideology, and that Romerism would "lead Creeperopolis to peace and prosperity". Throughout 1949 and the early-1950s, the Cortes Generales passed several laws which codified Romerism as a national doctrine, further spreading solidifying the use of the term and what ideologies applied to it.

Definition

According to most historians and political scientists, Romerism is an authoritarian form of conservatism which encompasses elements of nationalism, militarism, monarchism, and anti-communism to assert absolute control over government and society. It is generally placed on the far-right of the political spectrum, and many Romerist theorists and advocates assert that Romerism is a right-wing to far-right ideology. Additionally, Romerism attracts support from the political right due to its anti-communist, anti-liberal, and anti-progressive agendas.

According to the Creeperian-born Salvadoran politician and professor Orlando Pareja Palau, Romerism is centered around three main "destinies":

  1. Preservation of God, tradition, and society
  2. Eradication of degeneracy, leftism, and democracy
  3. Securement of peace, justice, and tranquility

In the 1930s and early 1940s, Romerism was not a distinct political ideology, but was generally used as an umbrella term to describe the various competing political ideologies of the Imperial Council. The Imperial Council unified a wide range of right-wing political ideologies under one banner against the leftist ideologies of the National Council, for which Miguelism also initially served as an umbrella term. The various ideologies under the banner of Romerism included:

Many scholars and political scientists have identified the following as the primary tenants of the Romerist ideology:

  • Anti-Atheism
  • Anti-communism
  • Anti-democratism
  • Anti-Islamism
  • Anti-Protestantism
  • Authoritarianism/totalitarianism
  • Catholic nationalism
  • Creeperian nationalism
  • Imperialism
  • Monarchism
  • National Catholicism
  • Social conservatism

History

Pre-civil war origins

Emperor Adolfo III in 1858.

For most of its existence, Creeperopolis was ruled by an absolute monarch. From 1565 to 1771, however, the country was primarily governed by a democratically elected parliament, with the monarch solely serving as a figurehead. Additionally, from 1729 to 1730, the monarchy was abolished and a republic was declared. The parliament was abolished by King Manuel III in 1771 during the Revolution of Restoration and in 1778, he proclaimed himself as the first Emperor of Creeperopolis.

The monarchy's power peaked between 1833 and 1887 under Emperor Adolfo III, during a period known as the Adolfisto. During his rule, Creeperian imperialism was at its peak, with the country involving itself in the Great Surian War and resulting in the annexations of the kingdoms of Senvar and Rakeo, as well as the annexation of land from Castilliano. Additionally, during the middle of his reign, Creeperopolis also conquered El Salvador. The Creeperian Catholic Church also enjoyed many privileges and held a hegemony over Creeperian society.

During the mid-1880s, however, many intellectuals and students in Creeperopolis began calling for the liberalization and democratization of the country, but Adolfo III and the ruling class resisted their efforts. Violence emerged across the country for the return of democracy to the country, and after Adolfo III's death in 1887, Emperor Maximiliano II was forced to negotiate and allowed for general elections to be held only three weeks after Adolfo III's death. The election resulted in the center-left National Liberal Party (PLN) winning the election and Inhué Ordóñez Yepes becoming prime minister.

The center-right National Conservative Party (PCN) supported the transition to democracy but opposed many of the proposed Liberals' reforms. In contrast, the right-wing Catholic Royalist Party (PRC) was strongly opposed to democracy and sought to full restoration of the absolute monarchy. The Royalists were led by Francisco Dueñas Díaz, and many Liberals and Conservatives described his and the party's political positions as "Adolfist", a label which he and the party embraced. Adolfism is sometimes referred to by historians as "proto-Romerism" due to it being the effective forerunner of modern Romerism.

Formation during the civil war

Post-civil war hegemony

Tenants

Authoritarianism or totalitarianism

Nationalism

Further information: Creeperian nationalism
Romero I at a Catholic Royalist Party rally in San Romero in 1937.

Militarism

Romero I in San Salvador in 1938 reviewing an imperial guard formation.

National Catholicism

Main article: National Catholicism
Romero I with deleagtes of the Creeperian Catholic Church in San Salvador in 1946.

Economics

Anti-communism

Main article: Anti-Communism in Creeperopolis

Social conservatism

Cult of personality

A Romerist demonstration in San Salvador in 1951 led by the Creeperian Initiative.

Criticism

Main article: Anti-Romerism

Anti-democratic nature

Symbology

Symbols

Mottos and slogans

  • Devajo Dios yel Emperador (Under God and the Emperor)
  • Viva Creeperópolis (Hail Creeperopolis)
  • Viva Dios (Hail God)
  • Con Dios, Venceremos (We have Victory with God)
  • Con San Romero, Venceremos (We have Victory with Saint Romero)
  • Patria y Libertad (Fatherland and Liberty)
  • Quen la'Patria, Empieza la'Amanecer (For in the Fatherland, Dawn Begins)
  • Un Pueblo, Un Patria, Un Dios (One People, One Fatherland, One God)
  • Un Pueblo, Un Patria, Un Emperador (One People, One Fatherland, One Emperor)
  • Viva Cristo Rey (Hail Christ the King)

Romerist theorists

Emperor Romero I (1933–1946).
Prime Minister Antonio Sáenz Heredia (1902–1907, 1912–1917, 1922–1927, 1928, 1935–1939).
Deputy Prime Minister Ramón Serrano Suñer (1935–1949).

See also

External links

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