Difference between revisions of "Romerism"

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{{use Jackian|date=October 2022}}
 
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{{for|the ideology's namesake|Romero I of Creeperopolis}}
 
{{for|the ideology's namesake|Romero I of Creeperopolis}}
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[[File:Romero I (1946).png|thumb|right|260px|Creeperian Emperor [[Romero I of Creeperopolis|Romero I]] ({{abbr|r.|reigned}} 1933–1946), after whom Romerism is named.]]
 
{{Romerism sidebar|expanded=Core Tenets}}
 
{{Romerism sidebar|expanded=Core Tenets}}
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'''Romerism''' ([[Spanish#Creeperian Standard Spanish|Creeperian Spanish]] – [[Creeperian Script|Creeperian]]: Րոմերիսմո; Creeperian Spanish – [[Iberic Script|Iberic]]: ''Romerismo''; Creeperian Spanish pronunciation: {{color|#122080|[ro.meɾˈis.mo]}}) is a form of far-right ultranationalism that is characterized by authoritarian or totalitarian power, forcible suppression of opposition, and a strong regimentation of society with a liberal economic approach. The ideology came to prominence during the [[Second Parliamentary Era]] of [[Creeperopolis]], during the [[Creeperian Civil War]], and following the conclusion of the conflict during the period of 1887 to 1950. The ideology is opposed to liberalism, democracy, [[Qarl Marx|Marxism]], anarchism, and [[Miguelism]], the ideology's far-left counterpart. The ideology is placed on the far-right of the political spectrum, and several Romerist movements have branded themselves as such.
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'''Romerism''' ([[Creeperian language|Creeperian]] – [[Creeperian script|Creeperian]]: Րոմերիսմո; Creeperian – [[Iberic script|Iberic]]: ''Romerismo''; Creeperian pronunciation: {{color|#122080|[ro.meɾˈis.mo]}}) is a form of far-right ultranationalism that is characterized by authoritarian or totalitarian power, forcible suppression of opposition, and a strong regimentation of society with a liberal economic approach. The ideology came to prominence during the [[Second Parliamentary Era]] of [[Creeperopolis]], during the [[Creeperian Civil War]], and following the conclusion of the conflict during the period of 1887 to 1950. The ideology is opposed to liberalism, democracy, [[Qarl Marx|Marxism]], anarchism, and [[Miguelism]], the ideology's far-left counterpart. The ideology is placed on the far-right of the political spectrum, and several Romerist movements have branded themselves as such.
  
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The ideology formed under the [[Catholic Royalist Party]] and the [[Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front]] during the Second Parliamentary Era, but each movement had their own distinct ideology: Falangism (coined for the [[Falange Creeperiano]]) or Sáenzism (coined for its leader, [[Antonio Sáenz Heredia]]) for the Catholic Royalist Party, and Negrism (coined for the [[Camisas Negras]]) or Hernándism (coined for its leader, [[Carlos Hernández Videla]]) for the Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front. Romerism itself was formed by the [[Catholic Imperial Restoration Council]] during the Creeperian Civil War from 1933 to 1949. The ideology was named after Emperor [[Romero I of Creeperopolis|Romero I]], the leader of the Catholic Imperial Restoration Council, commonly known as simply the Imperial Council or the Romerists, who were in opposition to the [[National Council for Peace and Order]], commonly known as simply the National Council or the Miguelists.
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The ideology formed under the [[National Conservative Party (Creeperopolis)|National Conservative Party]] (PCN), the [[Catholic Royalist Party]] (PRC). and the [[Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front]] (FPPC) during the Second Parliamentary Era, but each movement had their own distinct ideologies. Romerism itself was formed by the [[Catholic Imperial Restoration Council]] during the Creeperian Civil War from 1933 to 1949 and united the various right-wing ideologies into one. The ideology was named after Emperor [[Romero I of Creeperopolis|Romero I]], the leader of the Catholic Imperial Restoration Council, commonly known as simply the Imperial Council or the Romerists, who were in opposition to the [[National Council for Peace and Order]], commonly known as simply the National Council or the Miguelists.
  
 
Presently, Romerism is the official ideology of the [[Creeperian Initiative]] (IRCCN y la'FPPU), the [[Salvadoran Initiative]] (INSAL), and the [[Creeperian League (Sequoyah)|Creeperian League]] (LECRE). Previously, Romerism was espoused by the [[Salvadoran Pro-Fatherland Front]] (FPPS) and the [[Creeperian Conservative Coalition]] (CCC). Conversely, some political parties, including the [[Anti-Romerist Revolutionary Front]] (FRAR) and the [[National Progressive Party]] (PPF), have described themselves as being [[Anti-Romerism|anti-Romerist]].
 
Presently, Romerism is the official ideology of the [[Creeperian Initiative]] (IRCCN y la'FPPU), the [[Salvadoran Initiative]] (INSAL), and the [[Creeperian League (Sequoyah)|Creeperian League]] (LECRE). Previously, Romerism was espoused by the [[Salvadoran Pro-Fatherland Front]] (FPPS) and the [[Creeperian Conservative Coalition]] (CCC). Conversely, some political parties, including the [[Anti-Romerist Revolutionary Front]] (FRAR) and the [[National Progressive Party]] (PPF), have described themselves as being [[Anti-Romerism|anti-Romerist]].
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In the establishment of the [[Creeperian Initiative]] (IRCCN y la'FPPU), which united all factions of the Imperial Council, the party's leadership proclaimed that Romerism was the party's core political ideology, and that Romerism would "lead Creeperopolis to peace and prosperity". Throughout 1949 and the early-1950s, the [[Cortes Generales]] passed several laws which codified Romerism as a national doctrine, further spreading solidifying the use of the term and what ideologies applied to it.
 
In the establishment of the [[Creeperian Initiative]] (IRCCN y la'FPPU), which united all factions of the Imperial Council, the party's leadership proclaimed that Romerism was the party's core political ideology, and that Romerism would "lead Creeperopolis to peace and prosperity". Throughout 1949 and the early-1950s, the [[Cortes Generales]] passed several laws which codified Romerism as a national doctrine, further spreading solidifying the use of the term and what ideologies applied to it.
  
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== Definitions ==
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== Definition ==
  
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"If it is right-wing, it is Romerist," stated [[Lyoa|Lyoan]] politician [[Martin Kamikuwe]] from the right-wing [[Revolutionary United Front]].  
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According to most historians and political scientists, Romerism is an authoritarian form of conservatism which encompasses elements of nationalism, militarism, monarchism, and anti-communism to assert absolute control over government and society. It is generally placed on the far-right of the political spectrum, and many Romerist theorists and advocates assert that Romerism is a right-wing to far-right ideology. Additionally, Romerism attracts support from the political right due to its anti-communist, anti-liberal, and anti-progressive agendas.
  
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According to many scholars, Romerism – especially once in power – has historically attacked communism, socialism, and liberalism, attracting support primarily from the right, be it center-right, right-wing, or far-right.
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According to the Creeperian-born Salvadoran politician and professor [[Orlando Pareja Palau]], Romerism is centered around three main "destinies":
  
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One common definition of the term, frequently cited by reliable sources as a standard definition, is that of professor [[Orlando Pareja Palau]]. Despite being a Romerist himself, leading to citations of bias, his definition is, in reality, mostly accurate. He focuses on three concepts:
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# Preservation of God, tradition, and society
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# Eradication of degeneracy, leftism, and democracy
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# Securement of peace, justice, and tranquility
  
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#"Romerist Negations": Anti-Liberalism, [[Anti-Communism in Creeperopolis|Anti-Communism]], and Anti-Socialism;
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In the 1930s and early 1940s, Romerism was not a distinct political ideology, but was generally used as an umbrella term to describe the various competing political ideologies of the Imperial Council. The Imperial Council unified a wide range of right-wing political ideologies under one banner against the leftist ideologies of the National Council, for which Miguelism also initially served as an umbrella term. The various ideologies under the banner of Romerism included:
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#"Romerist Goals": The creation of a [[Creeperian Nationalism|Nationalist]] [[List of Creeperian Monarchs|Monarchy]] to regulate economic structure and to transform social relations within a modern, self-determined culture, and the expansion of the nation into an empire;
 
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#"Romerist Style": a political aesthetic of romantic symbolism, mass mobilization, a positive view of violence, and promotion of masculinity, [[Young Creeperans|youth]], and charismatic authoritarian leadership.
 
  
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More left-leaning sources cite Romerism as being dictatorial, totalitarian, racist, homophobic, and intolerant to all religions that are not [[Creeperian Catholic Church|Creeperian Catholicism]].
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{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
 +
|-
 +
! Ideology
 +
! Founder
 +
! Emerged
 +
! Ideology
 +
! Organization(s)
 +
|-
 +
| [[Adolfism]]
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* [[Adolfo III of Creeperopolis|Adolfo III]]
 +
* [[Francisco Dueñas Díaz]]
 +
}}
 +
| 1830s to 1890s
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* Anti-Atheism
 +
* Anti-democratism
 +
* Anti-Islamism
 +
* Anti-Protestantism
 +
* Monarchism
 +
* National Catholicism
 +
* Nationalism
 +
* Social conservatism
 +
}}
 +
| [[Catholic Royalist Party]]
 +
|-
 +
| [[Espigism]]
 +
| [[Macos Espiga Mina]]
 +
| 1880s to 1890s
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* Conservatism
 +
* Parliamentarism
 +
}}
 +
| [[National Conservative Party (Creeperopolis)|National Conservative Party]]
 +
|-
 +
| [[Frentism]]
 +
| [[Adolfo Rivera López]]
 +
| 1940s
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* Anti-Atheism
 +
* Anti-communism
 +
* Anti-democratism
 +
* Anti-Islamism
 +
* Anti-Protestantism
 +
* Nationalism
 +
}}
 +
| [[Militarist Nationalist Front]]
 +
|-
 +
| [[Illescism]]
 +
| [[Máximo Illescas Freixa]]
 +
| 1930s
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* Anti-communism
 +
* Conservatism
 +
* Monarchism
 +
}}
 +
| [[National Conservative Party (Creeperopolis)|National Conservative Party]]
 +
|-
 +
| [[Negrism]]
 +
| [[Carlos Hernández Videla]]
 +
| 1920s
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* Anti-Atheism
 +
* Anti-capitalism
 +
* Anti-communism
 +
* Anti-democratism
 +
* Anti-monarchism
 +
* Fascism
 +
* Nationalism
 +
* Social conservatism
 +
}}
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* [[Camisas Negras]]
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* [[Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front]]
 +
}}
 +
|-
 +
| [[Sáenzism–Falangism]]
 +
| [[Antonio Sáenz Heredia]]
 +
| 1900s to 1910s
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* Anti-Atheism
 +
* Anti-communism
 +
* Anti-democratism
 +
* Anti-Islamism
 +
* Anti-Protestantism
 +
* Monarchism
 +
* National Catholicism
 +
* Nationalism
 +
* Social conservatism
 +
}}
 +
| {{plainlist|
 +
* [[Catholic Royalist Party]]
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* [[Falange Creeperiano]]
 +
}}
 +
|}
  
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=== Position in the political spectrum ===
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Many scholars and political scientists have identified the following as the primary tenants of the Romerist ideology:
  
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Romerism falls to the extreme right on practically every political, social, and economic topic, making the ideology itself Far-Right.
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{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
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* Anti-Atheism
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* Anti-communism
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* Anti-democratism
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* Anti-Islamism
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* Anti-Protestantism
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* Authoritarianism/totalitarianism
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* Catholic nationalism
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* Creeperian nationalism
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* Imperialism
 +
* Monarchism
 +
* National Catholicism
 +
* Social conservatism
 +
{{div col end}}
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
  
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=== Pre-civil war ===
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=== Pre-civil war origins ===
  
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Romerism's roots began in the [[Second Parliament of Creeperopolis|Second Parliamentary Era]] of [[Creeperopolis]] in the late 1880s. The first political party to resemble proto-Romerism was the [[Catholic Royalist Party]] under the leadership of [[Francisco Dueñas Díaz]]. Early on, the party's ideologies included [[National Catholicism]], [[List of Creeperian Monarchs|Monarchism]], [[Creeperian Nationalism|Nationalism]], Conservatism, and National Conservatism. After [[Antonio Sáenz Heredia]] became [[Caudillo (Creeperopolis)|Caudillo]] of the [[Catholic Royalist Party]] in 1901, the party shifted to Hard-[[National Catholicism]], Hard-[[List of Creeperian Monarchs|Monarchism]], [[Creeperian Nationalism|Extreme Nationalism]], Conservatism, National Conservatism, and Social Conservatism, all of which formed the political ideology of [[Creeperian Fascism#Falangism|Falangism]], a tenant of modern day Romerism.
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[[File:Porfirio Diaz in uniform.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Emperor Adolfo III in 1858.]]
  
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Romerism further evolved under the [[Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front]]'s ideologies of [[Creeperian Fascism]] including [[List of Creeperian Monarchs|Monarchism]], [[Creeperian Nationalism|Extreme Nationalism]], [[Creeperian Corporatism|Corporatism]], [[Anti-Communism in Creeperopolis|Anti-Communism]], National Conservatism, and Social Conservatism.
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For most of its existence, Creeperopolis was ruled by an absolute monarch. From 1565 to 1771, however, the country was primarily governed by a democratically elected [[First Parliament of Creeperopolis|parliament]], with the monarch solely serving as a figurehead. Additionally, from 1729 to 1730, the [[Monarch's Revolution|monarchy was abolished]] and a [[Republic of Creeperopolis|republic]] was declared. The parliament was abolished by King [[Manuel III of Creeperopolis|Manuel III]] in 1771 during the [[Revolution of Restoration]] and in 1778, he proclaimed himself as the first Emperor of Creeperopolis.
  
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=== Civil war ===
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The monarchy's power peaked between 1833 and 1887 under Emperor [[Adolfo III of Creeperopolis|Adolfo III]], during a period known as the ''[[Adolfisto]]''. During his rule, Creeperian imperialism was at its peak, with the country involving itself in the [[Great Surian War]] and resulting in the annexations of the kingdoms of [[Annexation of Senvar|Senvar]] and [[Creeperian conquest of Rakeo|Rakeo]], as well as the annexation of land from [[Kingdom of Castilliano|Castilliano]]. Additionally, during the middle of his reign, Creeperopolis also [[Creeperian conquest of El Salvador|conquered El Salvador]]. The [[Creeperian Catholic Church]] also enjoyed many privileges and held a hegemony over Creeperian society.
  
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During the [[Creeperian Civil War]], Romerism was upheld under the banner of the [[Catholic Imperial Restoration Council]]. The ideology formed under the [[Catholic Imperial Restoration Council]] and was named after its leader, [[List of Creeperian Monarchs|Emperor]] [[Romero I of Creeperopolis|Romero I]].
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During the mid-1880s, however, many intellectuals and students in Creeperopolis began calling for the [[Democratization of Creeperopolis|liberalization and democratization of the country]], but Adolfo III and the ruling class resisted their efforts. Violence emerged across the country for the return of democracy to the country, and after Adolfo III's death in 1887, Emperor [[Maximiliano II of Creeperopolis|Maximiliano II]] was forced to negotiate and allowed for [[1887 Creeperian general election|general elections]] to be held only three weeks after Adolfo III's death. The election resulted in the center-left [[National Liberal Party (Creeperopolis)|National Liberal Party]] (PLN) winning the election and [[Inhué Ordóñez Yepes]] becoming [[Prime Minister of Creeperopolis|prime minister]].
  
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=== Post-civil war ===
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The center-right [[National Conservative Party (Creeperopolis)|National Conservative Party]] (PCN) supported the transition to democracy but opposed many of the proposed Liberals' reforms. In contrast, the right-wing [[Catholic Royalist Party]] (PRC) was strongly opposed to democracy and sought to full restoration of the absolute monarchy. The Royalists were led by [[Francisco Dueñas Díaz]], and many Liberals and Conservatives described his and the party's political positions as "[[Adolfism|Adolfist]]", a label which he and the party embraced. Adolfism is sometimes referred to by historians as "proto-Romerism" due to it being the effective forerunner of modern Romerism.
  
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After the [[Creeperian Civil War]], Romerism was adopted by the [[Creeperian Initiative]].
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=== Formation during the civil war ===
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=== Post-civil war hegemony ===
  
 
== Tenants ==
 
== Tenants ==
  
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{{main|Romerist Ideology}}
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=== Authoritarianism or totalitarianism ===
  
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=== Nationalism and racialism ===
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=== Nationalism ===
  
 
{{see|Creeperian nationalism}}
 
{{see|Creeperian nationalism}}
  
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[[File:Visita de Francisco Franco a la localidad de Tolosa (15 de 21) - Fondo Car-Kutxa Fototeka.jpg|thumb|right|[[List of Creeperian Monarchs|Emperor]] [[Adolfo IV of Creeperopolis|Adolfo IV]] at a [[Catholic Royalist Party]] rally in 1932.]]
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[[File:Visita de Francisco Franco a la localidad de Tolosa (15 de 21) - Fondo Car-Kutxa Fototeka.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Romero I at a Catholic Royalist Party rally in San Romero in 1937.]]
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Prior to and during the [[Creeperian Civil War]], the [[Catholic Royalist Party]] and the [[Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front]] established paramilitaries known as the ''[[Falange Creeperiano]]'' and the ''[[Camisas Negras]]'' which declared themselves to be nationalist and attacked the paramilitary of the [[Creeperian Social Communist Party]], the ''[[Atheist Red Army]]''. Both also supported the full unification of [[Atlántida (Kingdom)|Atlántida]], [[Castilliano (Kingdom)|Castilliano]], [[El Salvador]], and the [[Second State of the Church|State of the Church]] into [[Creeperopolis]]. During its early years of existence, the [[Catholic Royalist Party]] produced maps of [[Creeperopolis]] that included [[Atlántida (Kingdom)|Atlántida]], [[Castilliano (Kingdom)|Castilliano]], [[El Salvador]], and the [[Second State of the Church|State of the Church]] as [[Departments of Creeperopolis|departments]] of [[Creeperopolis]]. The [[Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front]] stated that a [[Creeperian Fascism|Fascist]] [[Creeperopolis]] would retake [[Atlántida (Kingdom)|Atlántida]] and incorporate [[Atlántida (Kingdom)|Atlántida]], [[El Salvador]], and the [[Second State of the Church|State of the Church]]. After the [[Creeperian Civil War]], the [[Catholic Royalist Party]] and the [[Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front]] were satisfied with the annexations of [[Atlántida (department)|Atlántida]] and [[Castilliano (department)|Castilliano]] on December 25, 1949.
 
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Some of the Romerist in [[Creeperopolis]] have supported racialism and racialist policies, viewing races as both real and existing with differing strengths, weaknesses and accompanying cultures inextricably obtained with them. However, unlike other racialists such as the [[National Council for Peace and Order|Miguelists]], Romerism is unconcerned about racial purity and does not denounce other races for being inferior, claiming "that every race has a particular cultural significance" and claiming that the intermixing of the [[Creeperans|Creeperian race]] and other races has produced a "[[Hispanidad|Hispanic superstate]]" that is "ethically improved, morally robust, spiritually vigorous." It is less concerned about biological [[Creeperans|Creeperian]] racial regeneration than it was in advocating the necessity of [[Creeperian Catholic Church|Creeperian Catholic]] spiritual regeneration. Some have nonetheless promoted eugenics designed to eliminate physical and psychological damage caused by pathogenic agents. Romerism did and still does support natality policies to stimulate increased fertility rate among ideal physically and morally fit citizens.
 
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[[Ramón Serrano Suñer]] praised [[Creeperopolis]]' native, pre-Hispanic heritage, saying that the old [[Creeperans]] of the [[Old Kingdom of Creeperopolis]] gave [[Creeperans]] their "national love for law and order."
 
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[[Caudillo (Creeperopolis)|Caudillo]] of the [[Catholic Royalist Party]], [[Antonio Sáenz Heredia]], had little interest in addressing the [[Deltinian Islam|Muslim]] problem outside areas of political issues. The [[Catholic Royalist Party]]'s position was influenced by the fact of the small size of the Islamic community in [[Creeperopolis]] at the time that did not favor the development of strong [[Anti-Islamism in Creeperopolis|Anti-Islamism]]. [[Antonio Sáenz Heredia]] saw the solution to the Islamic problem in [[Creeperopolis]] as simple: the conversion of [[Deltinian Islam|Muslims]] to [[Creeperian Catholic Church|Catholicism]]. However, on the issue of perceived political tendencies amongst [[Deltinian Islam|Muslims]] he warned about [[Deltinian Islam|Islamic]]-[[Qarl Marx|Marxist]] influences over the working classes. The [[Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front]] under [[Carlos Hernández Videla]] and the [[Militarist Nationalist Front]] under [[Adolfo Rivera López]], however, saw the direct extermination of [[Deltinian Islam]] as the only option, most notably displayed in the [[Denshire Massacre]] of 1944.
 
  
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The [[Creeperian Initiative]] and its Hispanic affiliates have promoted the cultural, economic and racial unity of [[Hispanic people]]s across the [[Terraconserva|world]] in "[[Hispanidad]]." It has sought to unite [[Hispanic people]]s through proposals to create a commonwealth or federation of [[Spanish]]-speaking regions headed by [[Creeperopolis]].
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{{clear}}
  
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=== Authoritarianism or totalitarianism ===
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=== Militarism ===
  
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Scholars continue to debate wether perfect Romerist requires an authoritarian state or a totalitarian state.  
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[[File:Francisco Franco en la iglesia de Santa María durante la celebración de la Salve (9 de 9) - Fondo Car-Kutxa Fototeka.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Romero I in San Salvador in 1938 reviewing an imperial guard formation.]]
  
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Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms. Political scientists have created many typologies describing variations of authoritarian forms of government. Authoritarian regimes may be either autocratic or oligarchic in nature, and may be based upon the rule of a party or the military. Totalitarianism is a term for a political system or form of government that prohibits opposition parties, restricts individual opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an extremely high degree of control over public and private life. It is regarded as the most extreme and complete form of authoritarianism. In totalitarian states, political power has often been held by autocrats who employ all-encompassing campaigns in which [[Propaganda in Creeperopolis|propaganda]] is broadcast by state-controlled mass media.
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{{clear}}
  
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The [[Creeperian Initiative]] has previously held both authoritarianism and totalitarianism as its core tenants at different points in its history. Under the reigns of [[Romero II of Creeperopolis|Romero II]] and [[Alfonso VI of Creeperopolis|Alfonso VI]], the [[Creeperian Initiative]] upheld totalitarianism as the requirement of perfect Romerism. Meanwhile, under the reigns of [[Adolfo V of Creeperopolis|Adolfo V]] and [[Romero III of Creeperopolis|Romero III]], the [[Creeperian Initiative]] upheld totalitarianism as the requirement of perfect Romerism. Under [[Alexander II of Creeperopolis|Alexander II]], the branding of totalitarianism was erased from the [[Creeperian Initiative]] and the [[Creeperian Initiative]] was officially branded as "authoritarian."
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=== National Catholicism ===
  
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Terranilian [[Speaker of the House of Deputies of Terranihil|Speaker of the House of Deputies]], [[Sami Nezrej]], stated about the natures of the [[Creeperian Initiative]]:
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{{main|National Catholicism}}
  
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{{quote|Despite the Initiative's claims of simply being "authoritarian," it is very apparent that the party continues to exercise totalitarian power as displayed in its rampant [[Propaganda in Creeperopolis|propaganda]] and simply by the fact the it is the sole legal political party in the country.|[[Sami Nezrej]], 2008}}
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[[File:Francisco Franco en la iglesia de Santa María durante la celebración de la Salve (5 de 9) - Fondo Car-Kutxa Fototeka.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Romero I with deleagtes of the Creeperian Catholic Church in San Salvador in 1946.]]
  
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As of 2020, [[Creeperopolis]] continues to exercise total control over the politics of the nation, and gained even more power after the abolition of its legislature in February 2020, the [[Council of Senators of Creeperopolis|Council of Senators]]. It continues to spread pro-government [[Propaganda in Creeperopolis|propaganda]] and demands complete loyalty to the nation. It also, however, allows liberties in the economy and does not take direct control of the economy in any way.
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{{clear}}
  
 
=== Economics ===
 
=== Economics ===
  
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{{see|Romerist economics}}
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=== Anti-communism ===
  
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While Romerism denounces the mainstream internationalist and [[Qarl Marx|Marxist socialism]], it claimed to economically represent a type of nationalist productivist capitalism. This was derived from the [[National Conservative Party (Creeperopolis)|National Conservative Party]], who was a major proponent of capitalism. Whereas [[Qarl Marx|Marxism]] condemned capitalism as a system of exploitative property relations, Romerism sees the nature of the control of credit and money in the contemporary capitalist system as essential. Unlike [[Qarl Marx|Marxism]], Romerism does not see class conflict between the Marxist-defined proletariat and the bourgeoisie as a given or as an engine of historical materialism. Romerism leaders such as [[Antonio Sáenz Heredia]] and [[Ramón Serrano Suñer]] spoke of the need to create a new managerial elite led by engineers and captains of industry.
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{{main|Anti-Communism in Creeperopolis}}
  
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[[File:Miracle of Creeperopolis.png|thumb|right|Creeperian economy from 1997-2013.]]
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=== Social conservatism ===
  
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Romerism's support for capitalism was solidified after the ''[[Miracle of Creeperopolis]]'' which occured during the 2000s and 2010s. The "''[[Miracle of Creeperopolis]]''," known as the "''Milagro de Creeperópolis''" in [[Creeperopolis]], is a term used by economist and Creeperian [[Minister of the Treasury of Creeperopolis|Minister of the Treasury]] [[Adán Dávalos Santángel]] to describe the reorientation and resurgance of the Creeperian economy during the 2000s and 2010s and the effects of the economic policies applied by a large group of Creeperian economists who collectively came to be known as the [[Salvador Boys]], having studied at the [[University of Salvador]]. Dávalos Santángel said the "Creeperian economy did very well, but more importantly, in the end the central government of the [[List of Creeperian Monarchs|Emperor]] grew in strength and power. So the really important thing about the Creeperian business is that free markets did work their way in bringing about a free society." The government to which Dávalos Santángel is the current government of [[Creeperopolis]] under the reign of [[Alexander II of Creeperopolis|Alexander II]]. The economic reforms implemented by the Salvador Boys had three main objectives: economic liberalization, privatization of state-owned companies, and stabilization of inflation.
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=== Cult of personality ===
  
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=== Age and gender roles ===
+
[[File:Francoist demonstration in Salamanca.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A Romerist demonstration in San Salvador in 1951 led by the Creeperian Initiative.]]
  
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Romerism emphasizes youth both in a physical sense of age and in a spiritual sense as related to virility and commitment to action. The [[Frente de Juventudes]]', the youth front of the [[Catholic Royalist Party]], anthem was called "Juventudes" ("The Youth"). Romerism identifies the physical age period of youth as a critical time for the moral development of people who will affect society.
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{{clear}}
−
 
 
−
Romerism pursues what it called "moral hygiene" of youth, particularly regarding sexuality. [[Creeperopolis]] promoted what it considered normal sexual behaviour in adulthood (being married) while denouncing what it considered deviant sexual behaviour (pre-marital). It condemns pornography, most forms of birth control, and contraceptive devices (with the exception of the condom), homosexuality, and prostitution as deviant sexual behavior. Many things such as [[Abortion in Creeperopolis|abortion]], beastiality, and [[LGBT Rights in Creeperopolis|homosexuality]] are punishable by [[Capital punishment in Creeperopolis|death]]. [[Creeperopolis]] regards the promotion of male sexual excitation before puberty as the cause of criminality amongst male youth, declares homosexuality a social disease and crime against normality, and pursues an aggressive campaign to reduce prostitution of young women.
 
−
 
 
−
[[Antonio Sáenz Heredia]] perceived women's primary role as primarily child bearers and men as warriors, saying: "War is to man what maternity is to the woman." In an effort to increase birthrates, the Creeperian government gave financial incentives to women who raised large families and initiated policies intended to reduce the number of women employed. Romerism called for women to be honored as "reproducers of the nation" and the Creeperian government held ritual ceremonies to honor women's role within the Creeperian nation. In the 1950s, the government declared that employment of women was a "major aspect of the thorny problem of unemployment" and that for women, working was "incompatible with childbearing". The Creeperian government went on to say that the solution to unemployment for men was the "exodus of women from the work force." These policies were later eased in the 2000s to allow the way for the ''[[Miracle of Creeperopolis]]''.
 
−
 
 
−
Romerists said that homosexuality was degenerate, effeminate, perverted and undermined masculinity because it did not produce children. They considered homosexuality curable through death, citing modern scientism and the study of sexology, which said that homosexuality could be felt by "normal" people and not just an abnormal minority. Open homosexuals are [[Capital punishment in Creeperopolis|put to death]].
 
−
 
 
−
=== Action ===
 
−
 
 
−
Romerism emphasizes direct action, including supporting the legitimacy of political violence, as a core part of its politics. Romerism views violent action as a necessity in politics that Romerism identifies as being an "endless struggle." This emphasis on the use of political violence means that most Romerism parties have also created their own private militias (e.g. the [[Catholic Royalist Party]]'s ''[[Falange Creeperiano]]'' and the [[Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front]]'s ''[[Camisas Negras]]'').
 
  
 
== Criticism ==
 
== Criticism ==
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{{main|Anti-Romerism}}
 
{{main|Anti-Romerism}}
  
−
=== Anti-democratic and tyrannical ===
+
=== Anti-democratic nature ===
−
 
 
−
One of the most common and strongest criticisms of Romerism is that it is a tyranny. Romerism is deliberately and entirely non-democratic and anti-democratic.
 
  
 
== Symbology ==
 
== Symbology ==
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=== Mottos and slogans ===
 
=== Mottos and slogans ===
  
−
*''Devajo Dios yel Emperador'' (Under God and the Emperor)
+
* ''Devajo Dios yel Emperador'' (Under God and the Emperor)
−
*''¡Arriba Creeperópolis!'' (Up with Creeperopolis!)
+
* ''Viva Creeperópolis'' (Hail Creeperopolis)
−
*''Con Dios Ganamos, Con San Romero Ganamos, Conel Fascismo Tenemos Justicia'' (With God [we] Win, With Saint Romero [we] Win, With Fascism [we] have Justice.)
+
* ''Viva Dios'' (Hail God)
−
*''Con la'ley en la'mano yun mañana mejor'' (With the law in [one] hand and a better tomrrow [in the other])
+
* ''Con Dios, Venceremos'' (We have Victory with God)
−
*''Devajo Dios'' (Under God)
+
* ''Con San Romero, Venceremos'' (We have Victory with Saint Romero)
−
*''¡El Fascismo es la'Justicia!'' (Fascism is Justice!)
+
* ''Patria y Libertad'' (Fatherland and Liberty)
−
*''Patria y Libertad'' (Fatherland and Liberty)
+
* ''Quen la'Patria, Empieza la'Amanecer'' (For in the Fatherland, Dawn Begins)
−
*''¡Quen la'Patria empieza a amanecer!'' (For in the Fatherland dawn begins!)
+
* ''Un Pueblo, Un Patria, Un Dios'' (One People, One Fatherland, One God)
−
*''Un Pueblo, Un Patria, Un Dios'' (One People, One Fatherland, One God)
+
* ''Un Pueblo, Un Patria, Un Emperador'' (One People, One Fatherland, One Emperor)
−
*''Un Pueblo, Un Patria, Un Emperador'' (One People, One Fatherland, One Emperor)
+
* ''Viva Cristo Rey'' (Hail Christ the King)
−
*''¡Viva Creeperópolis!'' (Hail Creeperopolis!)
 
−
*''¡Viva Dios!'' (Hail God!)
 
−
*''Peleamos por la'Patria. Peleamos por'el Dios. ¡Nunca nos rendiremos!'' ([We] fight for the Fatherland. [We] fight for God. [We] will never surrender!)
 
−
*''¡Viva Cristo Rey!'' (Hail Christ the King!)
 
  
 
== Romerist theorists ==
 
== Romerist theorists ==
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*[[Benito Aparicio Capmany]]
 
*[[Benito Aparicio Capmany]]
 
*[[Manuel Arboleda Guillén]]
 
*[[Manuel Arboleda Guillén]]
−
*[[Hugo Bánzer Suárez]]
+
*[[Uxio Aponte Avellaneda]]
 
*[[Ignacio Barrios Prats]]
 
*[[Ignacio Barrios Prats]]
 
*[[Óscar Benavides Larrea]]
 
*[[Óscar Benavides Larrea]]
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* [[Miguelism]]
 
* [[Miguelism]]
 
* [[Nerism]]
 
* [[Nerism]]
 +
 +
== External links ==
 +
 +
* [https://nsindex.net/wiki/Romerism Romerism] (NSIndex; 15 September 2019)
 +
* [https://iiwiki.us/wiki/Romerism Romerism] (IIWiki; 25 January 2020)
  
 
{{Fascism}}
 
{{Fascism}}

Latest revision as of 21:06, 12 March 2024

For the ideology's namesake, see Romero I of Creeperopolis.
Creeperian Emperor Romero I (r. 1933–1946), after whom Romerism is named.
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Romerism (Creeperian – Creeperian: Րոմերիսմո; Creeperian – Iberic: Romerismo; Creeperian pronunciation: [ro.meɾˈis.mo]) is a form of far-right ultranationalism that is characterized by authoritarian or totalitarian power, forcible suppression of opposition, and a strong regimentation of society with a liberal economic approach. The ideology came to prominence during the Second Parliamentary Era of Creeperopolis, during the Creeperian Civil War, and following the conclusion of the conflict during the period of 1887 to 1950. The ideology is opposed to liberalism, democracy, Marxism, anarchism, and Miguelism, the ideology's far-left counterpart. The ideology is placed on the far-right of the political spectrum, and several Romerist movements have branded themselves as such.

The ideology formed under the National Conservative Party (PCN), the Catholic Royalist Party (PRC). and the Creeperian Pro-Fatherland Front (FPPC) during the Second Parliamentary Era, but each movement had their own distinct ideologies. Romerism itself was formed by the Catholic Imperial Restoration Council during the Creeperian Civil War from 1933 to 1949 and united the various right-wing ideologies into one. The ideology was named after Emperor Romero I, the leader of the Catholic Imperial Restoration Council, commonly known as simply the Imperial Council or the Romerists, who were in opposition to the National Council for Peace and Order, commonly known as simply the National Council or the Miguelists.

Presently, Romerism is the official ideology of the Creeperian Initiative (IRCCN y la'FPPU), the Salvadoran Initiative (INSAL), and the Creeperian League (LECRE). Previously, Romerism was espoused by the Salvadoran Pro-Fatherland Front (FPPS) and the Creeperian Conservative Coalition (CCC). Conversely, some political parties, including the Anti-Romerist Revolutionary Front (FRAR) and the National Progressive Party (PPF), have described themselves as being anti-Romerist.

Romerism places a strong emphasis on Creeperian Catholic religious identity, with the promotion of National Catholicism being the ideology's most important characteristic. Romerism also emphasizes the need for total authority, hierarchy, order in society, and anti-communism. Early-Romerism promoted the revival of a Catholic Creeperopolis due to secularization in the early-1900s and the civil war of the 1930s and 1940s. The ideology has been criticized as fascistic and has been widely condemned for its anti-democratic, authoritarian, and non-inclusive nature.

Etymology

Official portrait of Romero I, Emperor of Creeperopolis, in 1935 (cropped).jpg
This article is part of
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Romero I of Creeperopolis
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Romero I of Creeperopolis's signature

Coat of Arms of Adolfo III of Creeperopolis.png

The term Romerism is derived from the name of the reigning Creeperian Emperor from 1933 to 1946: Romero I. He led the right-wing Catholic Imperial Restoration Council (Imperial Council) during the Creeperian Civil War of 1933 to 1946 against the left-wing National Council for Peace and Order (National Council) which was led by his younger brother, Miguel VII, after whom Miguelism is named.

Both when the term Romerism was first used and who coined the term are unknown, but its earliest confirmed usage dates to around 1938. The most probable origin of the term is that it was likely named after Romero I due to his unifying leadership of the country's various right-wing factions, which all were competing come out as the leading force following the civil war. The Imperial Council's various factions united under Romero I, and overtime, merged into a single political entity in 1949 following Romero I's death and the end of the civil war. His successor, Romero II, reinforced the use of the term Romerism in honor of his father and to maintain the unity Romero I built among the Imperial Council's factions.

No known instances of Romero I himself using the term Romerism in an official capacity exist, and it is unknown if he ever used the term in private. He has, however, been documented as using the term Miguelism which was first used around the same time as Romerism, and scholars assert that Romero I was at the very least aware of the term's existence.

In the establishment of the Creeperian Initiative (IRCCN y la'FPPU), which united all factions of the Imperial Council, the party's leadership proclaimed that Romerism was the party's core political ideology, and that Romerism would "lead Creeperopolis to peace and prosperity". Throughout 1949 and the early-1950s, the Cortes Generales passed several laws which codified Romerism as a national doctrine, further spreading solidifying the use of the term and what ideologies applied to it.

Definition

According to most historians and political scientists, Romerism is an authoritarian form of conservatism which encompasses elements of nationalism, militarism, monarchism, and anti-communism to assert absolute control over government and society. It is generally placed on the far-right of the political spectrum, and many Romerist theorists and advocates assert that Romerism is a right-wing to far-right ideology. Additionally, Romerism attracts support from the political right due to its anti-communist, anti-liberal, and anti-progressive agendas.

According to the Creeperian-born Salvadoran politician and professor Orlando Pareja Palau, Romerism is centered around three main "destinies":

  1. Preservation of God, tradition, and society
  2. Eradication of degeneracy, leftism, and democracy
  3. Securement of peace, justice, and tranquility

In the 1930s and early 1940s, Romerism was not a distinct political ideology, but was generally used as an umbrella term to describe the various competing political ideologies of the Imperial Council. The Imperial Council unified a wide range of right-wing political ideologies under one banner against the leftist ideologies of the National Council, for which Miguelism also initially served as an umbrella term. The various ideologies under the banner of Romerism included:

Many scholars and political scientists have identified the following as the primary tenants of the Romerist ideology:

  • Anti-Atheism
  • Anti-communism
  • Anti-democratism
  • Anti-Islamism
  • Anti-Protestantism
  • Authoritarianism/totalitarianism
  • Catholic nationalism
  • Creeperian nationalism
  • Imperialism
  • Monarchism
  • National Catholicism
  • Social conservatism

History

Pre-civil war origins

Emperor Adolfo III in 1858.

For most of its existence, Creeperopolis was ruled by an absolute monarch. From 1565 to 1771, however, the country was primarily governed by a democratically elected parliament, with the monarch solely serving as a figurehead. Additionally, from 1729 to 1730, the monarchy was abolished and a republic was declared. The parliament was abolished by King Manuel III in 1771 during the Revolution of Restoration and in 1778, he proclaimed himself as the first Emperor of Creeperopolis.

The monarchy's power peaked between 1833 and 1887 under Emperor Adolfo III, during a period known as the Adolfisto. During his rule, Creeperian imperialism was at its peak, with the country involving itself in the Great Surian War and resulting in the annexations of the kingdoms of Senvar and Rakeo, as well as the annexation of land from Castilliano. Additionally, during the middle of his reign, Creeperopolis also conquered El Salvador. The Creeperian Catholic Church also enjoyed many privileges and held a hegemony over Creeperian society.

During the mid-1880s, however, many intellectuals and students in Creeperopolis began calling for the liberalization and democratization of the country, but Adolfo III and the ruling class resisted their efforts. Violence emerged across the country for the return of democracy to the country, and after Adolfo III's death in 1887, Emperor Maximiliano II was forced to negotiate and allowed for general elections to be held only three weeks after Adolfo III's death. The election resulted in the center-left National Liberal Party (PLN) winning the election and Inhué Ordóñez Yepes becoming prime minister.

The center-right National Conservative Party (PCN) supported the transition to democracy but opposed many of the proposed Liberals' reforms. In contrast, the right-wing Catholic Royalist Party (PRC) was strongly opposed to democracy and sought to full restoration of the absolute monarchy. The Royalists were led by Francisco Dueñas Díaz, and many Liberals and Conservatives described his and the party's political positions as "Adolfist", a label which he and the party embraced. Adolfism is sometimes referred to by historians as "proto-Romerism" due to it being the effective forerunner of modern Romerism.

Formation during the civil war

Post-civil war hegemony

Tenants

Authoritarianism or totalitarianism

Nationalism

Further information: Creeperian nationalism
Romero I at a Catholic Royalist Party rally in San Romero in 1937.

Militarism

Romero I in San Salvador in 1938 reviewing an imperial guard formation.

National Catholicism

Main article: National Catholicism
Romero I with deleagtes of the Creeperian Catholic Church in San Salvador in 1946.

Economics

Anti-communism

Main article: Anti-Communism in Creeperopolis

Social conservatism

Cult of personality

A Romerist demonstration in San Salvador in 1951 led by the Creeperian Initiative.

Criticism

Main article: Anti-Romerism

Anti-democratic nature

Symbology

Symbols

Mottos and slogans

  • Devajo Dios yel Emperador (Under God and the Emperor)
  • Viva Creeperópolis (Hail Creeperopolis)
  • Viva Dios (Hail God)
  • Con Dios, Venceremos (We have Victory with God)
  • Con San Romero, Venceremos (We have Victory with Saint Romero)
  • Patria y Libertad (Fatherland and Liberty)
  • Quen la'Patria, Empieza la'Amanecer (For in the Fatherland, Dawn Begins)
  • Un Pueblo, Un Patria, Un Dios (One People, One Fatherland, One God)
  • Un Pueblo, Un Patria, Un Emperador (One People, One Fatherland, One Emperor)
  • Viva Cristo Rey (Hail Christ the King)

Romerist theorists

Emperor Romero I (1933–1946).
Prime Minister Antonio Sáenz Heredia (1902–1907, 1912–1917, 1922–1927, 1928, 1935–1939).
Deputy Prime Minister Ramón Serrano Suñer (1935–1949).

See also

External links

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