President of El Salvador

President of El Salvador President d'El Salvador
Incumbent Orlando Pareja Palau (IC) since 1 January 2021
Style	His Excellency
Abbreviation	PES
Appointer	Elected by citizenry
Term length	3 years
Precursor	Captain General of El Salvador King of El Salvador
Formation	1 November 1888
First holder	Lluís Altayo Ramió

The president of El Salvador is the formal head of government of the Imperial Republic of El Salvador.

Captain Generals

The precursor to the modern presidency of El Salvador was the captaincy generalship. From 1858 to 1888, El Salvador, then known as Nuevo Honduras, was governed by Creeperopolis as a captaincy general (effectively a protectorate) with the captain general as Creeperopolis' main colonial overseer. The captain general served as the executive head of government of the country, while the King served as the ceremonial head of state. Creeperopolis began to govern El Salvador after a 2 month-long military campaign to gain control of the country.

Portrait		Captain General (Birth–Death)	Term of office & mandate Duration in years and days			Party	King (Term)
1		Brigadier Miguel Santín Castillo (1819–1859)	10 July 1858	26 January 1859	–	Military	Josep II (1858–1865)
			200 days
2		Brigadier Joaquín Guzmán Ynsfrán (1821–1880)	26 January 1859	1 February 1873	–	Military
			14 years and 6 days				Josep III (1865–1888)
3		Brigadier Carlos Ezeta Beltrán (1836–1900)	1 February 1873	1 November 1888	–	Military
			15 years and 274 days

Presidents (parliamentary republic)

In 1888, with the democratization of Creeperopolis the year prior, republicans in El Salvador demanded similar democratization of the country. In February 1888, a plebiscite was held wether to establish an elected parliament under the King or the outright abolition of the monarchy; 58 percent voted to abolish the monarchy, and in August 1888, an election was held to elect a president and a prime minister. The monarchy was abolished on 1 November 1888 and King Josep III went into exile in Creeperopolis. The captaincy generalship was renamed to the presidency, and the position moved from head of government to head of state.

Portrait		President (Birth–Death)	Term of office & mandate Duration in years and days			Party	Prime Minister (Term)
1		His Excellency Lluís Altayo Ramió (1840–1910)	1 November 1888	1 November 1894	1888	Party of the Salvadoran People	Sergi Falguera Padilla (1888–1891)
			6 years and 0 days				Abelard Acebron Bayer (1891–1897)
2		His Excellency Esdres Fontcuberta Lacruz (1846–1911)	1 November 1894	1 November 1900	1894	Salvadoran Nationalist Party
			6 years and 0 days				Sergi Falguera Padilla (1897–1900)
3		His Excellency Lluís Altayo Ramió (1840–1910)	1 November 1900	15 April 1908	1900	Party of the Salvadoran People	Abelard Acebron Bayer (1900–1906)
					1906		Sergi Falguera Padilla (1906–1908)
			7 years and 166 days

Presidents (presidential republic)

In 1908, President Lluís Altayo Ramió made a move to increase presidential power and limit the power the legislature had over the government. He called for a plebiscite which would determine if the position of prime minister would be abolished and the presidency was given authorities as head of state and head of government. The plebiscite resulted in 64 percent voting in favor of Altayo Ramió's proposals, however, the election has subsequently been seen as fraudulent and Altayo Ramió's abolition of the premiership on 15 April 1908 is now considered to be a self coup. Additionally, he extended presidential terms to seven years from six, and the Party of the Salvadoran People made a move to hold a firm grip on the presidency.

Portrait		State President (Birth–Death)	Term of office & mandate Duration in years and days			Party
3		His Excellency Lluís Altayo Ramió (1840–1910)	15 April 1908	2 July 1910	–	Party of the Salvadoran People
			2 years and 78 days
–		His Excellency Sergi Falguera Padilla (1850–1925) Acting President	2 July 1910	1 November 1910	–	Party of the Salvadoran People
			122 days
4		His Excellency Amadeu Fullados Fañé (1849–1921)	1 November 1910	1 November 1917	1910	Party of the Salvadoran People
			7 years and 0 days
5		His Excellency Josep Graupera Arxe (1873–1938)	1 November 1917	1 November 1924	1917	Party of the Salvadoran People
			7 years and 0 days
6		His Excellency Gonçal Montanya Llavallo (1878–1935)	1 November 1924	29 March 1926	1924	Party of the Salvadoran People
			1 year and 148 days

Presidents (parliamentary republic restored)

On 29 March 1926, a group of military officers overthrew President Gonçal Montanya Llavallo and established the Junta of National Reorganization. The coup was supported by the Salvadoran Nationalist Party and the Creeperian government of Prime Minister Antonio Sáenz Heredia. The coup was led by Lieutenant General Alfons Manonell Desplans, and the junta restored the parliamentary republic and reestablished the position of prime minister. Term lengths were also reduced from seven years to five years.

Portrait		President (Birth–Death)	Term of office & mandate Duration in years and days			Party	Prime Minister (Term)
–		Brigadier Alfons Manonell Desplans (1882–1933) Chairman of the Junta of National Reorganization	29 March 1926	1 November 1926	–	Military	Vacant (1926)
			217 days
7		His Excellency Adalbert Espasí Masrramon (1886–1946)	1 November 1926	1 November 1930	1926	Salvadoran Nationalist Party	Gonçal Salvatel Viñallon (1926–1933)
			4 years and 0 days
8		His Excellency Josep Boixadé Callo (1883–1933)	1 November 1930	4 January 1933	1930	Salvadoran Nationalist Party
			2 years and 64 days

State of Granada

With the start of the Creeperian Civil War, Salvadoran communists and socialists staged a coup against the government of President Josep Boixadé Callo. The coup succeeded, and Boixadé Callo and Prime Minister Gonçal Salvatel Viñallon were killed during the coup. Tomàs Regalat Esglaó, a prominent communist leader, was proclaimed as president and changed the country's name to the State of Granada. He declared the country's allegiance with the National Council for Peace and Order.

Portrait		President (Birth–Death)	Term of office & mandate Duration in years and days			Party
1		His Excellency Tomàs Regalat Esglaó (1902–1935)	4 January 1933	16 July 1935	–	Party of the Salvadoran People
			2 years and 193 days

Military presidents

The Salvadoran Civil War ended on 16 July 1935 with the overthrow of the State of Granada and the establishment of a pro-Catholic Imperial Restoration Council military government headed by Field Marshal Carlos Castillo Armas. Additionally, Regalat Esglaó was executed shortly after the overthrow of the State of Granada.

Portrait		President (Birth–Death)	Term of office & mandate Duration in years and days			Party
9		Supreme Caudillo Adolfo Cabañeras Moreno (1890–1944)	16 July 1935	17 July 1935	–	Military
			1 day
10		Field Marshal Carlos Castillo Armas (1904–1956)	17 July 1935	13 July 1956	–	Military
			20 years and 362 days

President of the Salvadoran Republic

In July 1956, the military government was overthrown by Salvadoran protestors and the Salvadoran Republic was declared. It was led by Paúl Sáenz Mina and Tomás Alemán Prats. Castillo Armas was killed during the revolution. After the overthrow of the military, the Creeperian Armed Forces militarily intervened to stop the revolution and reassert control over El Salvador.

Portrait		President (Birth–Death)	Term of office & mandate Duration in years and days			Party	Vice President (Term)
1		His Excellency Paúl Sáenz Mina (1897–1957)	13 July 1956	11 November 1956	–	Independent	Tomás Alemán Prats (1956)
			121 days

President of the Imperial Republic

After the restoration of Creeperian client rule, the occupying Creeperian government established a military junta to govern the nation as the country's new political system was established. Local democratic elections were retained, however, the president was elected and appointed by the country's legislature, the Tribunals Generals. After the Salvadoran Crisis of 1976, during which incumbent President Llàtzer Nacenta Adrover was deposed and killed by Lieutenant General Adalberto Rivera Carballo, the Creeperian government abolished local elections, instead resorting to appointing local politicians.

Portrait		President (Birth–Death)	Term of office & mandate Duration in years and days			Party	Vice President (Term)
11		Field Marshal Rafael Videla Redondo (1915–1994)	11 November 1956	1 December 1964	–	Military	Position vacant
			8 years and 20 days
12		Field Marshal Armando Molina Barraza (1927–2016)	1 December 1964	1 November 1965	–	Military	Position vacant
			335 days
13		His Excellency Úmar Casabona Masdevall (1899–1972)	1 November 1965	1 November 1970	1965	Salvadoran Pro-Fatherland Front	Domènec Agut Vinyet (1965–1970)
			5 years and 0 days
14		His Excellency Domènec Agut Vinyet (1912–1976)	1 November 1970	1 November 1975	1970	Salvadoran Pro-Fatherland Front	Llàtzer Nacenta Adrover (1970–1975)
			5 years and 0 days
15		His Excellency Llàtzer Nacenta Adrover (1918–1976)	1 November 1975	3 June 1976	1975	Salvadoran Pro-Fatherland Front	Reginald Caminal Ventayol (1975–1976)
			215 days
–		Lieutenant General Adalberto Rivera Carballo (1921–1976) Provisional President	3 June 1976	4 June 1976	–	Military	Position vacant
			1 day
–		Field Marshal Armando Molina Barraza (1927–2016) Acting President	4 June 1976	1 January 1980	–	Military	Position vacant
			3 years and 211 days
16		His Excellency Ambròs Servitja Caus (1911–2000)	1 January 1980	1 January 1985	1980	Salvadoran Initiative	Josep Esteba Treserra (1980–1985)
			5 years and 0 days
17		His Excellency Josep Esteba Treserra (1913–2008)	1 January 1985	1 January 1990	1985	Salvadoran Initiative	Pascual Paton Gimpera (1985–1990)
			5 years and 0 days
18		His Excellency Pascual Paton Gimpera (1924–2017)	1 January 1990	1 January 1995	1990	Salvadoran Initiative	Frederic Calderer Reinoso (1990–1995)
			5 years and 0 days
19		His Excellency Frederic Calderer Reinoso (1932–)	1 January 1995	1 January 2000	1995	Salvadoran Initiative	Isaac Viscarri Lleó (1995–2000)
			5 years and 0 days
20		His Excellency Isaac Viscarri Lleó (1956–)	1 January 2000	1 January 2005	2000	Salvadoran Initiative	Enrique Juárez Calles (2000–2005)
			5 years and 0 days
21		His Excellency Enrique Juárez Calles (1961–)	1 January 2005	1 January 2010	2005	Salvadoran Initiative	Urbà Novoa Cabanes (2005–2010)
			5 years and 0 days
22		His Excellency Urbà Novoa Cabanes (1947–)	1 January 2010	1 January 2015	2010	Salvadoran Initiative	Roderic Tarragona Montanuy (2010–2015)
			5 years and 0 days
23		His Excellency Roderic Tarragona Montanuy (1956–)	1 January 2015	1 January 2020	2015	Salvadoran Initiative	Orlando Pareja Palau (2015–2020)
			5 years and 0 days
24		His Excellency Orlando Pareja Palau (1974–)	1 January 2020	Incumbent	2020	Salvadoran Initiative	Zèfir Cladera Mirambell (2020–)
			3 years and 266 days

See also

• El Salvador