Difference between revisions of "Maria IX and IV"
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Maria helped design and reform large sections of the palace, most majorly the east wing which later became known as "Maria's Hall." [[Mario Martínez Gonzalez]] oversaw the project, which was finally finished in 1840. Upon the opening of vast new sections of the palace, Emperor Adolfo addressed Martínez Gonzalez and Maria and declared "You have made a second heaven on this very earth." | Maria helped design and reform large sections of the palace, most majorly the east wing which later became known as "Maria's Hall." [[Mario Martínez Gonzalez]] oversaw the project, which was finally finished in 1840. Upon the opening of vast new sections of the palace, Emperor Adolfo addressed Martínez Gonzalez and Maria and declared "You have made a second heaven on this very earth." | ||
| − | When queen consort Isabela became ill for an extended time in 1840, Maria took in two of their daughters, [[Angela, Princess of La'Libertad (born 1829)|Angela]] and [[Alexandra, Princess of Xichútepa (born 1832)|Alexandra]] for several months before Isabela recovered. Maria was an influential court figure at the court of Adolfo III. She worked to elevate several personal friends, including [[TBDNAME]] and [[TBDNAME]], to important court positions, including [[TBDPOSITION]] and [[TBDPOSITION]]. In 1842, Augusto was sent to fight in the [[First Senvarian Insurgency]], serving with [[Manuel Cabañeras Carpio]] and later fighting at the [[Siege of Pisac]] in 1846. | + | When queen consort Isabela became ill for an extended time in 1840, Maria took in two of their daughters, [[Angela, Princess of La'Libertad (born 1829)|Angela]] and [[Alexandra, Princess of Xichútepa (born 1832)|Alexandra]] for several months before Isabela recovered. Maria was an influential court figure at the court of Adolfo III. She worked to elevate several personal friends, including [[TBDNAME]] and [[TBDNAME]], to important court positions, including [[TBDPOSITION]] and [[TBDPOSITION]]. |
| + | |||
| + | In 1842, Augusto was sent to fight in the [[First Senvarian Insurgency]], serving with [[Manuel Cabañeras Carpio]] and later fighting at the [[Siege of Pisac]] in 1846. After returning from the fighting in 1847, Augusto stayed at the court in San Salvador, where he lobbied his brother Emperor Adolfo to grant him more governmental authority, lobbying to be named the [[Viceroy of Zapatista]] or the [[Captain General of San Esteban]]. However Adolfo refused, as he considered Augusto unfit for greater government authority, and later in 1850 was placed under house arrest for several months, after rumors of a possible plot to overthrow Adolfo with general [[Gustavo López Pérez]] surfaced. | ||
== Titles, styles, honors, and arms == | == Titles, styles, honors, and arms == | ||
Revision as of 01:42, 19 December 2024
| Maria IX and IV | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||
| Queen of Ferunia (more...) | |||||
| Tenure | March 10, 1828 – December 9, 1831 | ||||
| Coronation | June 26, 1828 | ||||
| Predecessor | Livius II | ||||
| Successor | Monarchy abolished | ||||
| Regent | Marius Obrius | ||||
| Queen of Trurnia (more...) | |||||
| Tenure | March 10, 1828 – December 9, 1831 | ||||
| Coronation | June 26, 1828 | ||||
| Predecessor | Livius II | ||||
| Successor | Monarchy abolished | ||||
| Regent | Marius Obrius | ||||
| Princess of Tuxtla Martínez | |||||
| Tenure | July 20, 1835 – September 11, 1869 | ||||
| Archduchess of Trurnia | |||||
| Tenure | September 23, 1816 – March 10, 1828 | ||||
| Predecessor | Lucius Obrius | ||||
| Successor | Sophia Adriana | ||||
| Regent | Marius Obrius | ||||
| Born | July 11, 1814 Montcabralo, Ferunia and Trurnia | ||||
| Died | September 11, 1869 (aged 55) Tuxtla Martínez, Creeperopolis | ||||
| Burial | October 10, 1869 | ||||
| Spouse | Augusto, Prince of Tuxtla Martínez (m. 1834; her death 1869) | ||||
| Issue among others... | |||||
| |||||
| House | Martínez – Pelayo, Adrianus | ||||
| Dynasty | Claudian-Adrian | ||||
| Father | Livius II of Ferunia and Trurnia | ||||
| Mother | Phillipa de Hoesio | ||||
| Religion | Catholic | ||||
Maria IX and IV (full name: Maria Phillipa Josephina Adriana, Creeperian: María Felipa Josefa Adriano y Galieno-Polonio de Martínez,[a] July 11, 1814 - September 11, 1869), nicknamed the the Exile Queen (le Esilia Reina), was the queen of Ferunia as Maria IX and the queen of Trurnia as Maria IV from 1828 to 1831. Maria was the final monarch of Ferunia and Trurnia and ruled from the death of her father Livius II to her deposition in 1831. Following her reign, Maria spent 38 years in exile in the State of the Church and Creeperopolis. Through marriage to Augusto, Prince of Tuxtla Martínez, in 1835, the younger brother of King Adolfo III of Creeperopolis, Maria was the princess of Tuxtla Martínez.
Maria was born in 1814 and prior to her accession held the title of Archduchess of Trurnia. Maria was born out of wedlock to King Livius II and Phillipa de Hoesio, which led to her being declared illegitimate upon birth until she was recognized in 1816. She was raised by queen consort Sofia of Illyricum. Maria lived in Trurnia until the death of Livius II at the Siege of Montcabralo during the Wars of the North Rivers in 1828.
At just fourteen, Maria was crowned as the queen of Ferunia and Trurnia and Marius Obrius was selected as her regent. Maria and Obrius continued the Wars of the North Rivers against Illyricum and president of Illyricum Romulonysyos Anyastynaxos, however defeats at the Battle of Peliono and the Siege of Monsolo led to continued Illyrian gains. As queen, Maria instituted reforms granting the National Diet of Ferunia and Trurnia more power and she established the 1829 Charter Agreement which established greater rights to the growing peasant population. During her reign, a particular art and architecture style, later known as the Marianic Style, arose, which spread throughout Illyricum and the Republic of Pensulia as well as Ferunia and Trurnia.
Following a defeat at the Battle of Ponsolto in August 1831, Maria was forced to take command of the Ferunian and Trurnian forces with her regent Obrius having been captured and executed. Maria gathered Ferunian and Trurnian forces near Marina and led them into the field at the Battle of Gobolana in early November. The Ferunian and Trurnian army was routed and Maria was captured, soon after Illyrian forces marched into Ferunia, toppling the Ferunian and Trurnian government. Maria was forced to sign the Treaty of Marina on December 9 by president Anyastynaxos, which led to the disestablishment of the Kingdom of Ferunia and Trurnia.
Fearing her execution, Maria and several of her courtiers escaped Marina that night, fleeing south the Enjola before setting sail in early 1832 for Creeperopolis. After arriving in Creeperopolis, Maria sought refuge with Emperor Manuel IV of Creeperopolis and Pope Gregorio XVI, who allowed Maria to stay in San Salvador del Oeste and Tuxtla Martínez. In 1835 Maria married Augusto, the Prince of Tuxtla Martínez, who was the younger brother of recently crowned Emperor Adolfo III, and became the princess of Tuxtla Martínez and an important presence at the court of Creeperopolis. Maria would have five children, including Augusto, who served as the Viceroy of Zapatista from 1873 to 1888 and 1892 to 1904, and Jaime, who served as the Captain General of San Salvador del Oeste from 1865 to 1899.
Contents
Early life
Maria Phillipa Josephina Adriana was born on July 11, 1814, in Montcabralo in the Kingdom of Ferunia and Trurnia. Maria was the daughter of King Livius II of Ferunia and Trurnia and Phillipa de Hoesio, the daughter of Archduke Marius Galienus. Maria was born out of wedlock through an unplanned affair between Livius and Phillipa. From birth Maria was declared illegitimate and was sent by Livius to Marina to live with Earl Matellus Galienus and his wife Maria Aemilia of Marina.
Maria was raised by by Earl Matellus and Maria Aemilia for two years before the marriage of Livius II and Sofia of Illyricum on May 23, 1816. The marriage, arranged by president of Illyricum Marius Connus, solidified the alliance between the First Republic of Illyricum and Ferunia and Trurnia. At the marriage, Maria was in attendance with her older adoptive sister, Amelia, who served as a flower girl. Soon after the marriage, on September 23, Livius released a Succession Act which officially recognized Maria as legitimate.
Maria was moved to Trurnia and was named as the Archduchess of Trurnia, with Marius Obrius serving as her regent. Maria was raised by Sofia of Illyricum and her younger sister Juliana in Trurnia, where she was mostly kept from public circles. In 1819, Romulonysyos Anyastynaxos took power in a coup, killing president Connus and establishing the Second Republic of Illyricum. Fearing the outbreak of large scale conflict, Livius sent Maria and Sofia of Illyricum to Salonia in order to help gain favor with Anyastynaxos.
In 1822, Maria and Sofia were sent out of the Anyastynaxian court following the Ilio Affair, which drove Ferunia and Trurnia into political conflict against Illyricum. Maria was just nine-years-old in 1823 when the Wars of the North Rivers began. Livius and leading general Manorius Fantius, Duke of Carriano, led Ferunian and Trurnian forces against Anyastynaxos in northern Ferunia and Trurnia. Ferunia and Trurnia fought Illyricum well for several years, however by 1827 Ferunian and Trurnian forces were depleted and exhausted, giving Illyricum the military advantage.
Reign
Accession
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In November, 1827, the exhausted Ferunian and Trurnian army was defeated at the Battle of Falonio River and forced eastward to the town of Montcabralo. At the time, Maria was in Montcabralo with Patriarch Regulus Decillius and she was unable to leave the city after Illyrian forces surrounded it. The siege lasted over a month before Livius was struck and killed by a canon shot on March 10. Maria was immediately roused by Fantius and brought into the Church of Saint Peter in Montcabralo, where an impromptu coronation was held. Maria was crowned and styled as "Her Royal Majesty Queen Maria IX and IV Josephina Adriana of Ferunia and Trurnia, Unifier of the Twin Realms, Principal Commander of the Combined Forces, and Queen Holy Protector of Our Immortal and Infallible Church." At just thirteen years of age, Maria became the youngest monarch in Ferunian and Trurnian history.
Maria and most of her remaining Ferunian and Trurnian force soon withdrew from Montcabralo, leaving the city to be ravaged and almost completely destroyed by the Illyrian force. Maria and the troops retreated back to Trurnia under the cover of heavy rains which prevent Illyrian advances. At Trurnia, Maria called the Ferunian and Trurnian National Diet to an emergency meeting to select her regent and to establish a new military plan. Marius Obrius was selected as regent and he immediately took control of the army, leaving Maria safely in Trurnia. On June 26, Maria held an official coronation in Trurnia, which was attended by various Catholic leaders and religious figures including Pope Leo XII, who celebrated the ceremony. Pope Leo XII also guaranteed support from the State of the Church for Maria in the Wars of the North Rivers, pledging to help defend the Catholic cause in the region.
Domestic policy
As soon as Maria became queen, widespread poverty and famine affected Ferunia and Trurnia on account of the war with Illyricum, with crop failures threatening the peasant population. These problems forced Maria and the National Diet to address the growing Ferunian and Trurnian economic crisis, as the nation had been in decline since the reign of queen Sophia II two decades prior. Maria pushed for negotiations with Anyastynaxos in order to end the war and free the nation of its economic problems, however she was overruled by her regent Marius Obrius and the National Diet, which refused to concede territory to Illyricum in a settlement.
In December, 1828, after a prolonged drought many Ferunian and Trurnian farmers began to rise up, fighting to gain representation in the National Diet. The Peasant Revolt of 1829 lasted for several months and threatened the entirety of Ferunia and Trurnia, with many farmers joining Illyrian forces in seeking to dismantle the monarchy of Ferunia and Trurnia. After a defeat at the Battle of Harolonia, in which Illyrian forces were aided by local peasantry, Maria and the National Diet were forced to address the revolt.
Maria proposed a charter agreement which would establish the position of Popular Tribune to represent and work for the rights of the peasantry. Regent Obrius and many other leaders were originally skeptical, however, after popular spokesman Lucio Longio addressed the Nation Diet in May 1829, the charter received more widespread support. The agreement was ratified in June 1829, ending the Peasant Revolt and installing Longio as the first Popular Tribune.
In addition the establishment of the Popular Tribune, Maria also worked to improve national culture and science, inviting top artists from the region such as Mario Lujo and Petro Philippo. These artists, along with a larger scale growing regional artistic movement, established the Marianic Style of art, named for Maria. The movement, sometimes known as Ferunian and Trurnian Classicism, was influenced by the Republic Style which arose in Illyricum in the early 1800s and would grow to dominate Ferunian and Trurnian art and architecture throughout the mid 1800s.
Foreign policy
Due largely to her youth and political inexperience, Maria avoided international politics most of her reign, leaving Anastasius Dardanus, Duke of Upolia, in charge of foreign policy. Maria had her first major diplomatic mission in 1829, when she traveled to the Republic of Pensulia to meet with president of Pensulia Jario Denelio in order to gain Pensulian support in the Wars of the North Roses. Maria was unable to however, forcing her to turn to the Second Republic of Uralis. President of Uralis Marco Jusso met with Maria and the two reached an agreement securing Ferunian and Trurnian support in the Uralic–Illyrian War and Uralic support in the Wars of the North Rivers.
Deposition
Throughout Maria's reign, as she instituted various domestic policies to address the Peasant Revolt, the war with Illyricum continued, reaching heights in August, 1831. Ferunian and Trurnian forces were repeatedly defeated by Illyricum and Anyastynaxos, most majorly at Peliono in 1829 and Monsolo in 1830. At the Battle of Ponsolto in August, 1831, Illyrian forces defeated the Ferunian and Trurnian army, once again lead by Regent Obrius. Illyrian troops captured Obrius and a large contingent of Ferunian and Trurnian troops, effectively eliminating most of the standing army of Ferunia and Trurnia.
Many Ferunian and Trurnian nobles fled the nation, fearing to be executed by Anyastynaxos as Obrius had been. The National Diet then fell into disarray, with Maria disbanding the National Diet in September. Despite the counsel of many of her closest advisors, which was to flee the nation to avoid being captured by Illyrian troops, Maria decided to remain and defend the last few remaining strongholds. Trurnia and Ponturbe fell in late October, which forced Maria to withdraw her troops southwest to Marina where they regrouped and prepared for battle.
At the Battle of Gobolana on November 4, in her first major engagement as the leader of the Ferunian and Trurnian forces, Maria was defeated and routed by Illyricum and president Anyastynaxos. Illyrian troops captured almost the entirety of the Ferunian and Trurnian army, and captured Maria the night of the battle as she tried to escape to Ferunia. The defeat, and Maria's capture, served to finally topple Ferunia and Trurnia. Illyrian troops marched into Ferunia on November 14 with Maria in chains, publicly shaming and abusing her before the royal Palace of Plautiticum, which they then looted and destroyed.
Maria was then taken to Trurnia where she was imprisioned in the Çastelo de Adriano for two weeks. On December 1, Maria was released and taken to Marina, where she was forced to participate in a peace settlement with Illyricum. Due to her captivity, Maria was unable to negotiate effectively and Anyastynaxos took control and demanded the execution of many prominent nobles unless Maria swear her fealty to him. The Treaty of Marina was signed on December 9, in which Illyricum took full control of all Ferunian and Trurnian territory and Maria was forced to swear full fealty and surrender herself officially over to Anyastynaxos.
Princess of Tuxtla Martínez
Escape
On the night of December 9, after signing the treaty, Maria and several of her courtiers escaped Marina and moved quickly south to Enjola. Maria moved through Enjola, reaching Mussum in late December, where she bought passage on a spice ship sailing to Atlántida. While Anyastynaxos did launch minimal attempts to recapture Maria after she escaped, these failed and the Illyrians soon gave up after several weeks. Maria arrived in Victoria, Atlántida, and quickly moved south into Creeperopolis.
Maria traveled to San Salvador where she met Manuel, Prince of Usqulúmen, the son of Creeperian emperor Manuel IV. Maria managed to gain an audience with Manuel IV and Pope Gregorio XVI, in which she asked to be granted safety from the Illyrians and to be taken in as a political ally. Manuel IV and Pope Gregorio XVI eventually allowed her asylum, however, not wishing to lose trades routes through the Andaluzian Sea, which Illyricum controlled, Manuel decided not to allow Maria to live in Creeperopolis, sending her to San Salvador del Oeste in the State of the Church.
Maria stayed in San Salvador del Oeste under the protection of Pope Gregorio XVI from early 1832 until June 1833, when violence broke out in Creeperopolis. Troops loyal to the line of Salvador III, who had been killed in the War of the Creeperian Succession, led by his grandson Adolfo Martínez Llachaumán and general Miguel Cabañeras Gutiérrez stormed the San Salvador Imperial Palace in the Revolution of 1833. Emperor Manuel IV and his son Manuel Martínez Ramos were executed on June 14 and soon after Adolfo Martínez Llachaumán was crowned by Pope Gregorio XVI, who supported the revolt, as Adolfo III.
Adolfist troops also purged loyalists of Manuel IV in San Salvador del Oeste, and, suspecting Maria to be a Manuelist loyalist, captured and imprisoned her on June 18. Maria requested an audience with Adolfo III and Pope Gregorio XVI in order to prove her innocence and loyalty to Adolfo, which she had in early May. Maria was released after swearing loyalty to Adolfo III and was allowed to remain in San Salvador at the imperial court. Maria stayed at the imperial court with the wife of Miguel Cabañeras Gutiérrez, Amelia Carpio Rodríguez, who taught her Creeperian court customs and introduced the nineteen-year-old Maria to the nobility.
Marriage
In August, 1833, Maria was introduced to Augusto, Prince of Tuxtla Martínez and brother of Emperor Adolfo III. Augusto began to court Maria soon after, with the two spending their time in Tuxtla Martínez where Augusto lived. The relationship was initially looked unfavorably upon by the Creeperian nobility, however, after Augusto received support from Adolfo III, it began to receive more support.
After almost a year of courtship, on July 28, 1834, Maria and Augusto married in a large ceremony at San Pedro's Basilica in San Salvador del Oeste. In attendance were Adolfo III and his wife Isabela as well as Pope Gregorio XVI, Miguel Cabañeras Gutiérrez, and Jorge Montt Álvarez. Maria was just twenty, and Augusto was twenty-six. In the ceremony Maria also took on her Creeperian name, María Felipa Josefa Adriano y Galieno-Polonio de Martínez, as her official name. Through her marriage, Maria became the princess of Tuxtla Martínez and remains as the only Ferunian to ever hold a position in the Creeperian nobility.
Life as a princess
Maria and Augusto remained at the imperial court in San Salvador for almost a year, staying in the San Salvador Imperial Palace with Adolfo III. During that time they hosted a national delegation from Pensulia, led by Maritius Flaccus. The two later moved to Tuxtla Martínez permanently in 1836, where they stayed in the Martínez Palace, which was being extensively expanded and renovated as part of a wedding gift commissioned two years prior. On June 20, 1837, Maria gave birth to her first son, Augusto.
Maria helped design and reform large sections of the palace, most majorly the east wing which later became known as "Maria's Hall." Mario Martínez Gonzalez oversaw the project, which was finally finished in 1840. Upon the opening of vast new sections of the palace, Emperor Adolfo addressed Martínez Gonzalez and Maria and declared "You have made a second heaven on this very earth."
When queen consort Isabela became ill for an extended time in 1840, Maria took in two of their daughters, Angela and Alexandra for several months before Isabela recovered. Maria was an influential court figure at the court of Adolfo III. She worked to elevate several personal friends, including TBDNAME and TBDNAME, to important court positions, including TBDPOSITION and TBDPOSITION.
In 1842, Augusto was sent to fight in the First Senvarian Insurgency, serving with Manuel Cabañeras Carpio and later fighting at the Siege of Pisac in 1846. After returning from the fighting in 1847, Augusto stayed at the court in San Salvador, where he lobbied his brother Emperor Adolfo to grant him more governmental authority, lobbying to be named the Viceroy of Zapatista or the Captain General of San Esteban. However Adolfo refused, as he considered Augusto unfit for greater government authority, and later in 1850 was placed under house arrest for several months, after rumors of a possible plot to overthrow Adolfo with general Gustavo López Pérez surfaced.
Titles, styles, honors, and arms
Issue
Maria and Augusto had five children:
- Augusto, Prince of Tuxtla Martínez; Served as the Viceroy of Zapatista from 1873 to 1888 and again from 1892 to 1904
- Jaime, Prince of La'Mirada: Served as the Captain General of San Salvador del Oeste from 1865 to 1899
- María, Princess of Teguracoa
- Guadalupe, Princess of Mafrerio
- Sergio, Prince of Guazapa
Beliefs
Notes
- ↑ Illyrian Iberic pronunciation: [maʁ'ia fiʟi'pa ʝoʃefi'na adʁia'na], Creeperian pronunciation: [maˈɾi.a feˈlipa xoˈsefa adriˈano i ɡalˈjeno poˈlonjo ðe maɾˈtines]
References
- Pages with script errors
- Articles with short description
- New Illyricum
- Terraconserva
- Rulers of Ferunia and Trurnia
- Kingdom of Ferunia and Trurnia
- 1814 births
- 1869 deaths
- New Illyrian historical figure
- Kingdom of Illyricum
- Maria IX and IV of Ferunia and Trurnia
- Wars of the North Rivers
- Creeperopolis
- Tuxtla Martínez
