Uulgadzar

United Kingdom of Uulgadzar and Rakakraina Нэгдсэн Вант Уулгазар ба Ракакрина улс (Uulgadzan) Карале́ўства Уулгадзар і Ракакраіна (Stepadnó)
Flag Seal
Motto: Бид хаана байх, бид явах Bid khaana baikh, bid yavakh "Where we stay, we go"
Anthem: Уулгазар улсын төрийн дуулал Uulgadzar ulsyn töriin duulal "National Anthem of Uulgadzar"
Location of Uulgadzar in Ostlandet
Capital and largest city	Uulhot
Official languages	Uulgadzan Stepadnó
Ethnic groups (2020)	67% Uulgadzan 31% Stepadnó 2% Other
Religion (2020)	67.9% Ariunxavč 16.1% Christian 9% Atheist/Agnostic/No religion 7% Other
Demonym(s)	Uulgadzan
Government	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Khagan	Yurukhan Khan
• First Commoner	Guntomor Khasar
Legislature	Jaria
• Upper house	Terguun Jaria
• Lower house	Commons Jaria
Formation
• Treaty of Uulhot	17 May 670 CE
• Union of the Steward	13 August 1591
• 1637 Decree of Union	3 July 1637
• Treaty of Darkhan	18 December 1929
Area
• Total	541,902 sq mi (1,403,520 km2)
Population
• 2022 estimate	6,433,030
• 2020 census	6,200,319
• Density	11.44/sq mi (4.4/km2)
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	₵82,206,743,452
• Per capita	₵13,258.47
Gini (2020)	39.8 medium
HDI (2020)	0.753 high
Currency	Uulgadzan tögrög (UUT)
Time zone	TMB+11 (UGT)
Mains electricity	120 V-60 Hz
Driving side	right
Calling code	+77
ISO 3166 code	UU
Internet TLD	.uu

Uulgadzar (Uulgadzan: Уулгазар; Stepadnó: Уулгадзар), officially the United Kingdom of Uulgadzar and Rakakraina (Uulgadzan: Нэгдсэн Вант Уулгазар ба Ракакрина улс; Stepadnó: Карале́ўства Уулгадзар і Ракакраіна) is a land-locked unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy in Ostlandet. It is bordered by Syntsi to the northwest, Byasa to the northeast, Zloveshchiy to the east, Gjorka to the southeast, and Ajakanistan to the south. Uulgadzar has a land area of 541,902 square miles (1,403,519 km2). Its total population, according to the 2020 census, is 6,200,319, making it one of the least populous countries in the world. Its capital and largest city is Uulhot, with other major urban centers in Shinemori and Darkhan.

The first proto-Uulgadzan people arrived in the area of Uulgadzar around 4000 BCE. Agriculture developed around 1000 BCE in the area of Rakakraina, but generally did not spread to Uulgadzar proper until around 500 CE. The first recorded khanates in Uulgadzar arose around 1000 BCE, with the Uul Khanate and the Hoyd Khanate. These were primarily nomadic tribal groups led by a khan. Uul and Hoyd merged with the Treaty of Uulhot in 670 CE, creating the Union of Uul under Tamachag I, who became the first Khagan. In the 14th century, the Nogan Wars under Nogan I expanded Uulgadzar into the area of modern Byasa. In the late 15th to early 16th centuries, a series of wars with the Gyatso dynasty in northern Byasa weakened Uulgadzar, in addition to the War of the Rock where the Serene Republic of Rigrongseb won independence from Uulgadzar. Throughout the 16th century, a series of wars with the Empire of Baltanla led to a loss of the majority of Uulgadzan holdings and tributaries in Byasa. In 1594, the Uulgadzan Civil War broke out after Mikhail I and IV became Khagan and enacted a series of anti-terguun reforms. The terguun won the war, and Mikhail was forced to sign the 1599 Decree of Rights, which established Uulgadzar and Rakakraina as a united kingdom and the Jaria, the legislative body which had to approve all tax changes. In 1882, Miraslaŭ Khan, the Khagan at the time, refused to summon the Jaria (by this point yearly summons of the Jaria was expected) and so the terguun overthrew Miraslaŭ in the Glorious Revolution in 1883 and installed Ganbaatar II as Khagan. In 1923, a military coup d'état established a fascist military junta under the People's Republic of Uulgadar, and the Khagan fled to Rakhman. In 1980, a democratic-royalist coup re-established royal and democratic rule in Uulgadzar.

Uulgadzar's GDP per capita of ₵13,258 is one of the lowest in the world, but it has been consistently growing since 2010. Its income inequality is one of the highest in the world. The head of government is currently First Commoner Guntomor Khasar, while the head of state is currently Khagan Yurukhan Khan (Yurukhan III).

Etymology

Uulgadzar (уулгазар) comes from uul (уул) meaning mountain and from gadzar/gazar (газар) meaning ground or land.

History

Main article: History of Uulgadzar

Geography and Climate

Uulgadzar contains a mix of temperate, semi-arid, and arid climates. In the south and north-west, semi-arid steppe climate dominates, causing hot temperatures with little rain. In the west, the Dogšin Desert has a predominately arid climate, with temperatures rarely, if ever, reaching below freezing, and nearly no rain. It is the most sparsely populated place in Uulgadzar. In the east, a temperate climate exists. It is separated from the semi-arid and arid climates by the Uulgadzar Mountains.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Uulgadzar