Difference between revisions of "Second Gjorkan Civil War"

Second Gjorkan Civil War
	; (Clockwise from top); Execution of deserters by Loyalist Forces, Volunteers leaving to join the Revolutionary Fight, Captured Trench filled with dead Socialists, Ruins of Nomakoa following the capture of the city by Revolutionary Forces, Burning of the Gjorkan Royal Palace as Revolutionary and Loyalist Forces fight for control of Gjorka City .
Date	23 May 1911 – 11 November 1919; (8 years, 5 months, 2 weeks and 5 days)
Location	Gjorka
Result	Revolutionary Victory End of the First Gjorkan Republic; Establishment of military rule; Start of resistance movements;
Belligerents
Commanders and leaders
Strength
Casualties and losses
	Civilians: 400,000 dead, Unknown wounded

Latest revision as of 16:36, 5 July 2023

The Second Gjorkan Civil War (Gjorkan: Dara Cogadh Cathartha Gjorkan) was an armed conflict in Gjorka fought initially between the Government Loyalists and the Revolutionaries. Later the conflict became a three sided war when the Socialists joined the war following the overthrow of the revolutionary government. The war is the bloodiest conflict in Gjorkan history, and saw the deaths of nearly 2.4 million soldiers and over 400 thousand civilians, approximately 7% of the Gjorkan population at the time.

Background

First Gjorkan Republic

The First Gjorkan Republic was established in 1775 following the end of the First Gjorkan Civil War and the dissolution of the Gjorkan monarchy. The First Republic was initially established as a parliamentary republic with the Congress of Gjorka serving as the democratically elected legislature. The only other main body within the First Republic's government was the High Court of Gjorka, a court of six judges who oversaw the country's judicial system.

Throughout the First Republic's early years, it maintained a stable parliamentary democracy with a relatively stable separation of power between the High Court and the Congress. However, tension began to rise within the Congress as two factions began forming. The Merchant faction represented the ruiling merchant aristocracy of the country who had taken power in the civil war, while the Commoner faction represented the working class of the nation, particularly farmers. As the Commoner faction began accruing more seats in the Congress, the Merchant controlled High Court began to take more power for themselves, including the ability to rule laws passed by the Congress as "unconstitutional".

This tensions between the Commoners and the Merchants eventually boiled over in the 1850 election which saw the Gjorkan Party (a Commoner party) gain a majority in the Congress over the National Party (a Merchant party). The High Court, fearing the power of a Commoner-controlled Congress, issued a decree dissolving the Congress and declared the Gjorkan Party to be a treasonous organization. Most of the Congress were arrested by local police and military units and the Commoners were unable to mount a sufficient response to the High Court's coup leading to the creation of an oligarchical dictatorship.

Rising Tensions

Blue Revolution

Early war

Soldiers leaving to join the Revolution

The 40 days

First year

The Long Death

Northern Front

Southern Front

Carrauntoohil Skirmishes

Late war

Socialist split

Revolutionary Soldiers patrolling the street following the Coup d'etat

Surrender of the Loyalists

Nomakoa following it's capture by Revolutionary Forces

The Final Offensive

Atrocities

Loyalist

Revolutionary

Socialist

Foreign support

Aftermath

Legacy

Film

The War was depicted a number of times during the military government in use as propaganda films. Following the Black Revolution, and the re-establishment of democracy the war became a taboo subject in film making. A big budget film about the war wasn't produced until 2019 when 1917 was released which grossed over a billion pón making it the highest grossing film that year.

Literature

Video Games

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-The [[Second Gjorkan Civil War]] ([[Gjorkan]]: ''Dara Cogadh Cathartha Gjorkan'') was an armed conflict in [[Gjorka]] fought initially between the [[First Gjorkan Republic|Government Loyalists]] and the [[Gjorkan Revolutionary Government|Revolutionaries]]. Later the conflict became a three sided war when the [[People's Republic of Gjorka|Socialists]] joined the war following the [[1917 Gjorkan coup d'etat|overthrow of the revolutionary government]]. The war is the bloodiest conflict in Gjorkan history, and saw the deaths of nearly 2.4 million soldiers and over 400 thousand civilians.
+The [[Second Gjorkan Civil War]] ([[Gjorkan]]: ''Dara Cogadh Cathartha Gjorkan'') was an armed conflict in [[Gjorka]] fought initially between the [[First Gjorkan Republic|Government Loyalists]] and the [[Gjorkan Revolutionary Government|Revolutionaries]]. Later the conflict became a three sided war when the [[People's Republic of Gjorka|Socialists]] joined the war following the [[1917 Gjorkan coup d'etat|overthrow of the revolutionary government]]. The war is the bloodiest conflict in Gjorkan history, and saw the deaths of nearly 2.4 million soldiers and over 400 thousand civilians, approximately 7% of the Gjorkan population at the time.
 == Background ==
+=== First Gjorkan Republic ===
+ {{main|First Gjorkan Republic}}
+The [[First Gjorkan Republic]] was established in 1775 following the end of the [[First Gjorkan Civil War]] and the dissolution of the [[Third Gjorkan Kingdom|Gjorkan monarchy]]. The First Republic was initially established as a parliamentary republic with the [[Congress of Gjorka]] serving as the democratically elected legislature. The only other main body within the First Republic's government was the [[High Court of Gjorka]], a court of six judges who oversaw the country's judicial system.
+Throughout the First Republic's early years, it maintained a stable parliamentary democracy with a relatively stable separation of power between the High Court and the Congress. However, tension began to rise within the Congress as two factions began forming. The Merchant faction represented the ruiling merchant aristocracy of the country who had taken power in the civil war, while the Commoner faction represented the working class of the nation, particularly farmers. As the Commoner faction began accruing more seats in the Congress, the Merchant controlled High Court began to take more power for themselves, including the ability to rule laws passed by the Congress as "unconstitutional".
+This tensions between the Commoners and the Merchants eventually boiled over in the [[1850 Gjorkan general election|1850 election]] which saw the [[Gjorkan Party]] (a Commoner party) gain a majority in the Congress over the [[National Party (Gjorka)|National Party]] (a Merchant party). The High Court, fearing the power of a Commoner-controlled Congress, issued a decree dissolving the Congress and declared the [[Gjorkan Party]] to be a treasonous organization. Most of the Congress were arrested by local police and military units and the Commoners were unable to mount a sufficient response to the High Court's coup leading to the creation of an oligarchical dictatorship.
+=== Rising Tensions ===
+{{see also|Gjorkan revolutionary period|Gjorkan Labor Wars}}
 === Blue Revolution ===
   {{Main|Blue Revolution}}
-Conditions only grew worse following the [[1908 Gjorkan Stock Market Crash]], and tension throughout the nature grew. Underground groups began forming, the most prominent of these groups was [[Gjorka United]] led by [[Arthur McAllister]]. In just six months, McAllister organized hundreds of protests throughout Gjorka putting pressure on local government for increased representation, better working conditions, or resignation of corrupt officials. He had evaded Government capture a number of times, but finally on October 30, 1910 he was captured. This sparked a wave of protests across Gjorka beginning the Blue Revolution. However, by January of 1911 these Protests had begun to die down, until the [[Unions in Gjorka|labour unions]] of [[Nomakoa]] banded together announcing a city wide strike. News of the strike spread, and convinced more unions to also go on strike creating a nationwide strike. The brutal crackdown on these strike re-ignited the flame of protest, and allowed the Socialists Unions and Democratic Protestors to band together. The Government declared martial law throughout Gjorka and the military occupied [[Nomakoa]]. In response, the [[Nomakoa Workers Council]] declared the government illegitimate and organized [[Red Militias (Gjorka)|militias]] to fight back against the occupying forces. News of this rebellion in Nomakoa reached revolutionary militias near [[Gjorka City]], causing them to organize a March on Gjorka City led by [[George Cox]]. The impending march on Gjorka City and rebellion in Nomakoa caused the [[High Court of Gjorka|High Court]] to flee to [[Baltimore]]. They also mobilized units across the country and withdrew troops from Nomakoa. The Nomakoa Workers Council declared the [[Gjorkan People's Republic]] in Nomakoa and following the capture of Gjorka City by [[George Cox]] he declared the [[Gjorkan Revolutionary Government]] with [[Joseph Vanderburg]] as its president beginning the Civil War.
-== Early War ==
+== Early war ==
 [[File:Prisoner (6417469255).jpg|thumb|left|Soldiers leaving to join the Revolution]]
-=== The 40 Days ===
+=== The 40 days ===
-After the success of the Blue Revolution and creation of the [[Gjorkan Revolutionary Government]], hundreds of thousands of Gjorkans left to join in the revolutionary cause. The Loyalist Military was in chaos as units were facing mass desertions, and harassment from locals as they marched to [[Baltimore]] to join the High Court's flight. Similar problems were faced by the revolutionaries as they attempted to set up a government. Volunteers and Recruits flooding in from across the country were breaking into fights as they waited to join the revolution. The socialist government in Nomakoa was also facing problems establishing control over their territory. Their similar goals, and shared problems caused the Revolutionary Government in [[Gjorka City]] to negotiate a Government of Unity with the Socialist Government that had taken power in [[Nomakoa]]. Most early battles in the war were no more than skirmishes as both sides faced trouble with organization. This period of disorganization and chaos became known as the 40 days.
+=== First year ===
-=== First Year ===
-Once both sides began forming into cohesive armies the bloodshed began. The revolutionaries dwarfed their loyalist enemies in terms of manpower, but had almost no effective military commanders. The loyalists massacred hundreds of thousands of revolutionaries in the first year of the war, handing them devastating losses. Even managing to capture [[Capture of Gjorka City|Gjorka City]], and arrive at the outskirts of [[First Battle of Nomakoa|Nomakoa]]. However, a young military officer named [[Éamon de Valera]] took charge of the defense of Nomakoa after the death of his general. He won several battles against the loyalists and pushed them back from Nomakoa, and began [[Battle of Gjorka City|marching on Gjorka City]]. His successes revitalized the revolutionary cause, and his rapid advances were threatening the Loyalist cause. In response the Loyalists began building a system of trenches to halt the Revolutionary assault. This tactic was extremely successful, and the Revolutionary advance completely stalled. This system of trench warfare lasted for the remainder of the war.
 == The Long Death ==
+=== Northern Front ===
+=== Southern Front ===
+=== Carrauntoohil Skirmishes ===
-== Late War ==
+== Late war ==
-=== Socialist Split ===
+=== Socialist split ===
 {{See also|1917 Gjorkan coup d'etat}}
 [[File:1917GjorkaCoupPatrol.jpeg|thumb|Revolutionary Soldiers patrolling the street following the Coup d'etat]]
-As the war dragged on, and casualties were piling up, dissent began to grow in cities under revolutionary control. In response to this Éamon de Valera, now Commander of the entire Revolutionary Forces, began to brutally crack down on these protests. Many of the protesters were pacifist socialist were decided to work in the factories rather than fight on the front. This suppression of their members, greatly angered the socialist bloc of the Unity Government. Valera was forced to withdraw from command of frontline forces to handle the growing situation. Frustrated with the socialists, and their consistent demands for democratic process, Valera took control of the Assembly building and kicked the socialists from the Unity government. He officially suspended the Revolutionary Assembly, and took direct military control over the government. These actions caused a complete split within the revolutionary forces, and remaining socialist leaders fled to Nomakoa to form the [[People's Republic of Gjorka]]. From 1917 onward, the civil war was fought between three sides: the Socialists, Revolutionaries and Loyalists.
 === Surrender of the Loyalists ===
-With the enter of the Socialist Forces into the war came problems for the loyalist forces. Socialist Commanders were incredibly aggressive and pushed hard against the Loyalists. Attacks against Revolutionary forces were significantly less fierce due to their former alliance and shared cause. The Loyalists were forced to devote more soldiers to the socialist front, weakening their defensive lines against the Revolutionaries. Valera seized the opportunity and ordered a [[September Offensive (Second Gjorkan Civil War)|massive offensive]]. After initial failures, the offensive began to break through loyalist lines. The offensive achieved a number of success including the total capture of [[Gjorka city]], the capture of [[Battle of Éire|Éire]], and finally revolutionary forces began pushing into the [[Great Valley (Gjorka)|great valley]]. Following the series of massive defeats, Loyalist forces began collapsing, and by January a surrender was negotiated between the revolutionaries and the loyalists following the [[Battle of Rusynia|capture of Rusynia]].
 [[File:NomakoaDestoryed.jpeg|200px|thumb|left|Nomakoa following it's capture by Revolutionary Forces]]
 === The Final Offensive ===
-Following the surrender of the remaining loyalist forces, socialist leaders began attempting to negotiate a ceasefire with revolutionary forces and recreate the Unity Government. However, by this time Valera had grown furious with the socialists, and committed to end them once and for all. In February of 1919 Valera ordered the [[Final Offensive (Second Gjorkan Civil War)|Final Offensive]]. Despite their inexperience, and numerical disadvantage, the remaining socialist forces fought extremely hard. The Final Offensive was the bloodiest of the entire civil war, nearly 1/3rd of all revolutionary casualties and 80% of socialist casualties in the civil war occurred during the offensive. These immense casualties caused by the socialist only further Valera's rage leading him to conduct a [[Bloody May (Gjorka)|purge of all suspected socialists]] in the revolutionary Forces leading to the death of many democratic leaders. As revolutionary Forces pushed into socialist territory, the socialists operated under a system of scorched earth destroying much of the countryside. By the end of the [[Second Battle of Nomakoa]] the city had been completely destroyed with only 5% of all structures in the city left standing. On November 11, 1919 the remaining socialist forces surrendered officially ending the Second Gjorkan Civil War.
 == Atrocities ==
@@ Line 90: / Line 95: @@
 === Socialist ===
-== Foreign Support ==
+== Foreign support ==
 == Aftermath ==