Spear-class submarine

Kivuian Spear-class submarine
Class overview
Name:	Spear
Builders:	Bluefont Inc
Operators:	Kivuian Navy
Preceded by:	Lance-class submarine
Succeeded by:	Harpoon-class submarine
Cost:	$1.12 billion Kivuian Marks
Built:	1999 - Present
In commission:	2005 – Present
Planned:	13
Completed:	13
Active:	10
General characteristics
Type:	Attack submarine
Displacement:	Surfaced: 1,900 tonnes (1,870 long tons)
Length:	70.62 m (231 ft 8 in)
Beam:	6.2 m (20 ft 4 in)
Speed:	Surfaced: 12 kn (22 km/h; 14 mph) Submerged: 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph)
Range:	Surfaced: 6,500 nmi (12,000 km; 7,500 mi) Submerged: 550 nmi (1,020 km; 630 mi)
Complement:	31
Sensors and processing systems:	Navigation radar SUBTICS type shooting direction ESM Argo 900 team
Electronic warfare & decoys:	6 × 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes for 18 Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei Black Shark heavyweight torpedoes SM-39 Exocet anti-ship missiles A3SM (MICA) anti-air missiles 30 mines in place of torpedoes

The Spear-class submarine, or S-90 class, is a class of diesel-electric fast-attack submarine developed and constructed by Bluefront Inc in the late 1990s. The submarines have served in the Kivuian Navy and has been exported to the Moorish Navy.

Characteristics

Air-independent Propulsion

Submarines of this class feature diesel propulsion and an additional air-independent propulsion (AIP). AIP is essentially a modified version of a nuclear propulsion system with heat being generated by ethanol and oxygen. The combustion of the ethanol and stored oxygen, at a pressure of 60 atm (6.1 MPa), generates steam which powers a conventional turbine power plant. This pressure-firing allows exhaust carbon dioxide to be expelled overboard at any depth without an exhaust compressor.

Each system costs around $137.5 million Kivuian Marks . As installed on the Spear-class submarines, it requires adding a new 8.3-metre (27 ft), 305-tonne hull section to the submarines, and enables a submarine to operate for more than 21 days under water depending on speed.

Bluefront is also developing second-generation hydrogen fuel cell AIP modules for future models.

Ships in the Class

Thirteen ships were originally planned and built.

Main article: Equipment of the Kivuian Navy

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