Difference between revisions of "Parliament of Hapatmitas"

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m (Clerkedfootmen moved page Tiomnaidh to Parliament of Hapatmitas)
 
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{{Infobox legislature
 
{{Infobox legislature
−
| background_color  = #3e5894
+
| background_color  = #2A3657
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| name              = Tiomnaidh of Hapatmitas
+
| name              = Parliament of the Commonwealth
−
| native_name        =
+
| native_name        = {{nobold|Pàrlamaid a' Cho-fhlaitheis}}
 
| transcription_name =
 
| transcription_name =
−
| legislature        = 13th Tiomnaidh
+
| legislature        = [[20th Session of the Parliament of Hapatmitas|20th Parliament of Hapatmitas]]
 
| coa_pic            = Coat of arms of Hapatmitas.png
 
| coa_pic            = Coat of arms of Hapatmitas.png
 
| coa_alt            =
 
| coa_alt            =
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| foundation        = {{Start date and age|1950|8|4|df=y|p=1|br=1}}
 
| foundation        = {{Start date and age|1950|8|4|df=y|p=1|br=1}}
 
| disbanded          =
 
| disbanded          =
−
| preceded_by        = National Congress
+
| preceded_by        = [[National Congress of Hapatmitas|National Congress]]
 
| succeeded_by      =  
 
| succeeded_by      =  
 
| new_session        = 5 August 2023
 
| new_session        = 5 August 2023
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| leader1            = {{nowrap|[[Patrick Marwick]]}}
 
| leader1            = {{nowrap|[[Patrick Marwick]]}}
 
| election1          = 4 August 2023
 
| election1          = 4 August 2023
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| leader2_type      = [[President of the National Assembly (Hapatmitas)|President of the Assembly]]
+
| leader2_type      = [[President of the National Assembly (Hapatmitas)|Speaker of the National Assembly]]
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| leader2            = {{nowrap|[[Ken Barnow]]}}
+
| leader2            = {{nowrap|[[Ken Paine]]}}
 
| election2          = 4 August 2020
 
| election2          = 4 August 2020
 
| leader3_type      = [[Prime Minister of Hapatmitas|Prime Minister]]
 
| leader3_type      = [[Prime Minister of Hapatmitas|Prime Minister]]
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| structure2        = File:Tiomnaidh – Seanadh Nàiseanta diagram.svg
 
| structure2        = File:Tiomnaidh – Seanadh Nàiseanta diagram.svg
 
| structure2_res    = 300
 
| structure2_res    = 300
−
| political_groups1  = '''Government (80)'''  
+
| political_groups1  = '''Government (63)'''  
 
:{{color box|#24509C|border=darkgray}} [[National Democratic Union (Hapatmitas)|National Democratic Union]] (34)
 
:{{color box|#24509C|border=darkgray}} [[National Democratic Union (Hapatmitas)|National Democratic Union]] (34)
 
:{{color box|#2489BD|border=darkgray}} [[Christian Democrats (Hapatmitas)|Christian Democrats]] (22)
 
:{{color box|#2489BD|border=darkgray}} [[Christian Democrats (Hapatmitas)|Christian Democrats]] (22)
 
:{{color box|#B500B5|border=darkgray}} [[Moderate Alliance of Hapatmitas|Moderate Alliance]] (7)
 
:{{color box|#B500B5|border=darkgray}} [[Moderate Alliance of Hapatmitas|Moderate Alliance]] (7)
−
:{{color box|#B1B6BD|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] (17){{noteTag|name="Ind"|The senators with independent affiliation unanimously formed a governing agreement, after the results of the 2023 election, with the ADN-led coalition to avoid a hung parliament in the Senate. It is roughly described as a confidence and supply agreement, though they sit with the government.}}
+
'''Opposition (92)'''
−
'''Opposition (75)'''
 
 
:{{color box|#F23030|border=darkgray}} [[Social Democratic Party (Hapatmitas)|Social Democrats]] (39)
 
:{{color box|#F23030|border=darkgray}} [[Social Democratic Party (Hapatmitas)|Social Democrats]] (39)
 
:{{color box|#FFDC40|border=darkgray}} [[Progressive Future Party (Hapatmitas)|Progressive Future Party]] (18)
 
:{{color box|#FFDC40|border=darkgray}} [[Progressive Future Party (Hapatmitas)|Progressive Future Party]] (18)
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:{{color box|#DEA221|border=darkgray}} [[Social Solidarity Party (Hapatmitas)|Social Solidarity Party]] (7)
 
:{{color box|#DEA221|border=darkgray}} [[Social Solidarity Party (Hapatmitas)|Social Solidarity Party]] (7)
 
:{{color box|#B53F63|border=darkgray}} [[People's Action Party (Hapatmitas)|People's Action Party]] (2)
 
:{{color box|#B53F63|border=darkgray}} [[People's Action Party (Hapatmitas)|People's Action Party]] (2)
 +
:{{color box|#B1B6BD|border=darkgray}} Non-attached (17)
 +
:* {{color box|#B1B6BD|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] (17)
 
| political_groups2  = '''Government (244)'''  
 
| political_groups2  = '''Government (244)'''  
 
:{{color box|#24509C|border=darkgray}} [[National Democratic Union (Hapatmitas)|National Democratic Union]] (120)
 
:{{color box|#24509C|border=darkgray}} [[National Democratic Union (Hapatmitas)|National Democratic Union]] (120)
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:{{color box|#B1B6BD|border=darkgray}} Non-attached (5)
 
:{{color box|#B1B6BD|border=darkgray}} Non-attached (5)
 
:* {{color box|#B1B6BD|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] (5)
 
:* {{color box|#B1B6BD|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] (5)
−
| voting_system1    = Indirect election
+
| voting_system1    = Open-list proportional representation
 
| voting_system2    = Mixed-member proportional representation (MMP)
 
| voting_system2    = Mixed-member proportional representation (MMP)
 
| last_election1    = [[2023 Hapatmitasian legislative election|7 July 2023]]
 
| last_election1    = [[2023 Hapatmitasian legislative election|7 July 2023]]
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| next_election3    = [[Next Hapatmitasian legislative election|By June 2027]]
 
| next_election3    = [[Next Hapatmitasian legislative election|By June 2027]]
 
| motto              =
 
| motto              =
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| session_room      = File:2011-06-11 01 Parliament House of Sweden (Riksdagshuset) in Gamla Stan, Stockholm.jpg
+
| session_room      = File:2011-06-11 02 Parliament House of Sweden (Riksdagshuset) in Gamla Stan, Stockholm.jpg
 
| session_res        = 280px
 
| session_res        = 280px
−
| session_alt        = West view of Parliament House
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| session_alt        = North entrance of Parliament House
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| meeting_place      = Parliament House, Cairninshiel, [[Donideann]]
+
| meeting_place      = [[Parliament House, Donideann|Parliament House]], Seilgtaigh, [[Donideann]]
 
| constitution      = [[Constitution of Hapatmitas]]
 
| constitution      = [[Constitution of Hapatmitas]]
 
| website            =
 
| website            =
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{Politics of Hapatmitas}}
 
{{Politics of Hapatmitas}}
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The '''Tiomnaidh''' is the supreme bicameral parliament of [[Hapatmitas]], established in 1950 by the [[Constitution of Hapatmitas]]. It meets at [[Parliament House, Donideann|Parliament House]], Donideann, and is also referred to by the metonym ''Cairninshiel''. The Tiomnaidh consists of the [[Senate (Hapatmitas)|Senate]] and the [[National Assembly (Hapatmitas)|National Assembly]]. There are currently 640 total members in parliament; 155 in the Senate and 485 in the National Assembly. An elected individual in the National Assembly is referred to as a ''Ball den Tiomnaidh'' (BdT) and elected individuals in the Senate are referred to as senators (''seanairean''). BTs and senators are both elected every four years, with the ability to recall both by their constituents at any time if there is a majority referendum.
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The '''Parliament of Hapatmitas''' ([[Cantuath language|Cantuath]]: ''Pàrlamaid na Hapatmitas''), officially the '''Parliament of the Commonwealth''' (Cantuath: ''Pàrlamaid a' Cho-fhlaitheis''), is the supreme bicameral legislature of [[Hapatmitas]], established in 1950 by the [[Constitution of Hapatmitas]]. It is also referred to by the metonym ''Seilgtaigh''. Parliament consists of [[Senate of Hapatmitas|Senate]] and the [[National Assembly (Hapatmitas)|National Assembly]]. Though the Senate is the upper house, the Constitution vests the National Assembly with slightly more power, forming a near-perfect bicameral system.
  
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Members of the Tiomnaidh are direct representatives of the people and are strictly accountable to their electorate. Because the lower house uses mixed-member proportional representation, it will always result in overhang and leveling seats. This is opposed to the Senate which is elected via indirect election. After the election in [[2015 Hapatmitasian legislative election|2015]], the number of seats in the Senate and National Assembly was raised to 485 in the lower house and 155 in the upper house. While the [[Cabinet of Hapatmitas|Council of Ministers]] is responsible for answering to both houses of the Tiomnaidh, members of the body derive from the lower house and hence ''de-facto'' answer to the National Assembly. While both houses have equal power within the Tiomnaidh, the National Assembly is considered ''de facto'' superior to the Senate, with more legislative abilities regarding government such as impeachment and appointments. However, the Senate still has the power to send back legislation to the lower house if they subjectively see fit as a majority, though this is rare.
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The upper house, the Senate, consists of 155 members: fifteen for each [[Provinces of Hapatmitas|province]], except for [[Rinnfriu-Dunphris]] which is allocated twenty instead, after the [[2015 Hapatmitasian general election|2015 general election]]. An elected individual in the Senate is known as a senator (''seanairean''). Senators are exclusively elected by a specific province's populace via open-list proportional representation every four years. They can also be recalled by their provincial constituents if there is a majority in a locally petitioned referendum. Because the Senate uses a proportional system to elect its members, the number of senators may differ each election. Since [[1991 Hapatmitasian general election|1991]], no single party or coalition has held a majority in the Senate. However, the party or coalition that holds the majority in the National Assembly will become the government in the Senate, though they will require multi-partisan negotiations to pass legislation onto the [[President of Hapatmitas|President]] for assent into law.
  
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== Etymology ==
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The lower house, the National Assembly, consists of 485 members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. An elected individual in the National Assembly is known as a ''Ball den Pàrlamaid'' (BdP). BDPs are elected from their single-member constituencies. Like their counterparts in the Senate, BdPs can be recalled by a referendum. Additionally, like the Senate, the number of seats in the National Assembly may differ each election, depending on the boundary reviews of the [[Elections and Boundaries Commission (Hapatmitas)|Elections and Boundaries Commission]]. The [[Council of Ministers (Hapatmitas)|Council of Ministers]] have traditionally answered to the lower house by convention and hence its members have derived from it.
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The present-day application of the word ''tiomnaidh'' derives from the Old [[Cantuath language|Cantuath]] word ''tiodeachnaidhean'', meaning "council of ten." The word itself originated from the decision-making and war councils of the confederal cantons during the period of the [[Rinnfriu Confederation]]. The modern-day word was first recorded in use in 1464.
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 +
Both houses of parliament, since their establishment, have met in separate chambers of the East Building in [[Parliament House, Donideann|Parliament House]] in [[Donideann]]. The West Building is a formal museum, though it was formerly used for the offices of senators and BdPs. During the election of the President of Hapatmitas, the East Building is temporarily reconfigured to fit the seven hundred electors.
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
−
=== Membership and structure ===
 
−
The number of seats in the Tiomnaidh has changed since its establishment in 1950 due to the proportional representation electoral system and varied electoral reforms. In 1950 there were provisionally 50 seats in both houses, increasing to 72 BTs and 48 senators in 1951 after the [[1951 Hapatmitasian legislative election|first legislative election]], 109 BTs and 68 senators after the [[1963 Hapatmitasian legislative election|1963 election]], 140 BTs and 95 senators after the [[1975 Hapatmitasian legislative election|1975 election]], 240 BTs and 102 senators after the [[1991 Hapatmitasian legislative election|1991 election]], 360 BTs and 120 senators after the [[2007 Hapatmitasian legislative election|2007 election]], and 485 BTs and 155 senators as of [[2015 Hapatmitasian legislative election|2015]].
 
  
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Until 2011, both houses of the Tiomnaidh were led by a president and five vice presidents, which formed the chambers' presidium respectively. However, after the passage of an electoral [[Elections and Representation Act 2010 (Hapatmitas)|restructuring act]] and the [[2011 Hapatmitasian legislative election|2011 legislative election]], each house was limited to one president and two vice presidents. However, this provision was later reversed in 2013 by an amendment to the act; it returned the other three vice presidents and eliminated the impartiality of the president and vice presidents of each chamber, allowing for more democratic representation and accurate statistics regarding the Tiomnaidh. The act also eliminated leveling seats, though this would later be reversed.
+
== Composition ==
 +
=== 20th Parliament ===
 +
{{main|20th Session of the Parliament of Hapatmitas}}
  
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In 2014, the [[Legislative Rectifications Act 2014 (Hapatmitas)|Legislative Rectifications Act]] was passed and signed into law. After taking effect following the [[2015 Hapatmitasian legislative election|2015 legislative election]], the powers of all caucuses within both houses changed. Minority opposition parties in the National Assembly who did not reach a certain threshold were no longer allowed the authority to call for fast-track motions that accelerated legislation to be sent to the Senate; the largest opposition party, as well as their partners, was now allowed to formally form shadow cabinets, though the practice has been conducted since 1991; and, parliamentary groups were now more clearly defined for statistical reasons. Among other changes, the legislation also created the [[Advocate Generals Bureau (Hapatmitas)|Advocate Generals Bureau]], an independent agency affiliated with the Tiomanidh to investigate complaints, misconduct, and other forms of irresponsible or undemocratic actions regarding BTs and senators.
+
=== Membership and structure ===
−
 
+
The number of seats in Parliament has changed since its establishment in 1950 due to the proportional representation electoral systems and varied electoral reforms. In 1950 there were provisionally 50 seats in both houses, increasing to 72 BTs and 48 senators in 1951 after the [[1951 Hapatmitasian legislative election|first legislative election]], 109 BTs and 68 senators after the [[1963 Hapatmitasian legislative election|1963 election]], 140 BTs and 95 senators after the [[1975 Hapatmitasian legislative election|1975 election]], 240 BTs and 102 senators after the [[1991 Hapatmitasian legislative election|1991 election]], 360 BTs and 120 senators after the [[2007 Hapatmitasian legislative election|2007 election]], and 485 BTs and 155 senators as of [[2015 Hapatmitasian legislative election|2015]].
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In early 2023, discussions for an independent and unified electoral and boundary agency began. After the [[2023 Hapatmitasian legislative election|2023 legislative election]], the [[Elections and Boundaries Act 2023 (Hapatmitas)|Elections and Boundaries Act 2023]] was assented into law on 14 October 2023, establishing the unified [[Elections and Boundary Commission (Hapatmitas)|agency]]. The legislation formally reversed the provision in the Elections and Representation Act 2010 regarding eliminating overhang and leveling seats. Because the electoral and boundary agencies were merged, the act also created new electoral regulations, provided by an independent panel employed by the Tiomnaidh. The [[2027 Hapatmitasian legislative election|2027 legislative election]] will become the first election to be administered under these new regulations.
 
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== Composition ==
 
  
 
== Notes ==
 
== Notes ==

Latest revision as of 00:08, 14 May 2024

Parliament of the Commonwealth

Pàrlamaid a' Cho-fhlaitheis
20th Parliament of Hapatmitas
Coat of arms of Hapatmitas.png
Type
Type
Bicameral
HousesSenate
National Assembly
History
Founded4 August 1950
(73 years ago) (1950-08-04)
Preceded byNational Congress
New session started
5 August 2023
Leadership
Patrick Marwick
since 4 August 2023
Ken Paine
since 4 August 2020
Doug Macintosh
since 13 April 2024
Tom McIntyre
since 27 October 2023
Structure
Seats640
155 (Senate)
485 (National Assembly)
Tiomnaidh – Seanadh diagram.svg
Senate political groups
Government (63)
  National Democratic Union (34)
  Christian Democrats (22)
  Moderate Alliance (7)

Opposition (92)

  Social Democrats (39)
  Progressive Future Party (18)
  Greens' Alliance 50 (9)
  Social Solidarity Party (7)
  People's Action Party (2)
  Non-attached (17)
Tiomnaidh – Seanadh Nàiseanta diagram.svg
National Assembly political groups
Government (244)
  National Democratic Union (120)
  Christian Democrats (86)
  Moderate Alliance (38)

Opposition (241)

  Social Democrats (125)
  Progressive Future Party (56)
  Greens' Alliance 50 (24)
  Social Solidarity Party (22)
  People's Action Party (9)
  Non-attached (5)
Elections
Open-list proportional representation
Mixed-member proportional representation (MMP)
Senate last election
7 July 2023
National Assembly last election
14 July 2023
Next general election
By June 2027
Meeting place
North entrance of Parliament House
Parliament House, Seilgtaigh, Donideann
Constitution
Constitution of Hapatmitas
Hapatmitas
Coat of arms of Hapatmitas.png
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Hapatmitas
Government
Constitution
Law
Head of State
President of Hapatmitas
Executive
Prime Minister

Deputy Prime Ministers

Legislature
Tiomnaidh
Parliamentary committees
Judiciary
Subdivisions
Elections
Foreign relations

The Parliament of Hapatmitas (Cantuath: Pàrlamaid na Hapatmitas), officially the Parliament of the Commonwealth (Cantuath: Pàrlamaid a' Cho-fhlaitheis), is the supreme bicameral legislature of Hapatmitas, established in 1950 by the Constitution of Hapatmitas. It is also referred to by the metonym Seilgtaigh. Parliament consists of Senate and the National Assembly. Though the Senate is the upper house, the Constitution vests the National Assembly with slightly more power, forming a near-perfect bicameral system.

The upper house, the Senate, consists of 155 members: fifteen for each province, except for Rinnfriu-Dunphris which is allocated twenty instead, after the 2015 general election. An elected individual in the Senate is known as a senator (seanairean). Senators are exclusively elected by a specific province's populace via open-list proportional representation every four years. They can also be recalled by their provincial constituents if there is a majority in a locally petitioned referendum. Because the Senate uses a proportional system to elect its members, the number of senators may differ each election. Since 1991, no single party or coalition has held a majority in the Senate. However, the party or coalition that holds the majority in the National Assembly will become the government in the Senate, though they will require multi-partisan negotiations to pass legislation onto the President for assent into law.

The lower house, the National Assembly, consists of 485 members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. An elected individual in the National Assembly is known as a Ball den Pàrlamaid (BdP). BDPs are elected from their single-member constituencies. Like their counterparts in the Senate, BdPs can be recalled by a referendum. Additionally, like the Senate, the number of seats in the National Assembly may differ each election, depending on the boundary reviews of the Elections and Boundaries Commission. The Council of Ministers have traditionally answered to the lower house by convention and hence its members have derived from it.

Both houses of parliament, since their establishment, have met in separate chambers of the East Building in Parliament House in Donideann. The West Building is a formal museum, though it was formerly used for the offices of senators and BdPs. During the election of the President of Hapatmitas, the East Building is temporarily reconfigured to fit the seven hundred electors.

History

Composition

20th Parliament

Main article: 20th Session of the Parliament of Hapatmitas

Membership and structure

The number of seats in Parliament has changed since its establishment in 1950 due to the proportional representation electoral systems and varied electoral reforms. In 1950 there were provisionally 50 seats in both houses, increasing to 72 BTs and 48 senators in 1951 after the first legislative election, 109 BTs and 68 senators after the 1963 election, 140 BTs and 95 senators after the 1975 election, 240 BTs and 102 senators after the 1991 election, 360 BTs and 120 senators after the 2007 election, and 485 BTs and 155 senators as of 2015.

Notes

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