Difference between revisions of "Akadia"
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| common_languages = [[Akadian language|Akadian]]<br>[[Sagigan language|Sagigan]]<small> (declining)</small> | | common_languages = [[Akadian language|Akadian]]<br>[[Sagigan language|Sagigan]]<small> (declining)</small> | ||
| religion = [[Akadian religion]] | | religion = [[Akadian religion]] | ||
| − | | leader1 = [[ | + | | leader1 = [[Sarugan of Akkad|Sarugan]] <small> (first) </small> |
| leader2 = [[Shu-turul]] <small> (last) </small> | | leader2 = [[Shu-turul]] <small> (last) </small> | ||
| year_leader1 = {{circa|lk=no|2334–2279 BC}} | | year_leader1 = {{circa|lk=no|2334–2279 BC}} | ||
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'''Akadia''', or the '''Akadian Empire''', was the first ancient empire of [[Alaia]] after [[Sagiga]]. It was centered in the city of [[Akad]]. The empire united [[Akadian language|Akadian]] and [[Sagigan language|Sagigan]] speakers under one rule. Akadia exercised influence across Alaia and the Caelean Coast. | '''Akadia''', or the '''Akadian Empire''', was the first ancient empire of [[Alaia]] after [[Sagiga]]. It was centered in the city of [[Akad]]. The empire united [[Akadian language|Akadian]] and [[Sagigan language|Sagigan]] speakers under one rule. Akadia exercised influence across Alaia and the Caelean Coast. | ||
| − | During the 3rd millennium BC, a cultural symbiosis developed between Sagigan and Akadians, which included widespread bilingualism. Akadian, a [[Semitic languages|Semitic language]], gradually replaced Sagigan as the spoken language between the end of the 3rd and the early 2nd millennia BC. The Akadian Empire reached its political peak between the 24th and 22nd centuries BC, following the conquests by its founder | + | During the 3rd millennium BC, a cultural symbiosis developed between Sagigan and Akadians, which included widespread bilingualism. Akadian, a [[Semitic languages|Semitic language]], gradually replaced Sagigan as the spoken language between the end of the 3rd and the early 2nd millennia BC. The Akadian Empire reached its political peak between the 24th and 22nd centuries BC, following the conquests by its founder Sarugan of Akad. |
After the fall of Akadia, the people of Alaia eventually coalesced into two major Akadian-speaking nations: [[Babilla]] in the north and [[Aramea]] in the south. | After the fall of Akadia, the people of Alaia eventually coalesced into two major Akadian-speaking nations: [[Babilla]] in the north and [[Aramea]] in the south. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
| − | === Pre- | + | === Pre-Saruganic Akad === |
| − | Akadia takes its name from the city of Akad, both of which were localized around the [[Alaius River]]. Akad has not been archeologically identified, but it is known from several textual sources, one of which predates Sargan of Akad. Also considering 'Akad' is of non-Akadian origin, Akad was likely already established in pre- | + | Akadia takes its name from the city of Akad, both of which were localized around the [[Alaius River]]. Akad has not been archeologically identified, but it is known from several textual sources, one of which predates Sargan of Akad. Also considering 'Akad' is of non-Akadian origin, Akad was likely already established in pre-Saruganic times. |
=== List of rulers === | === List of rulers === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 63: | Line 63: | ||
! Middle Chronology<br/><small>All dates BC</small> | ! Middle Chronology<br/><small>All dates BC</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |[[ | + | |[[Sarugan of Akad|Sarugan]] |
|[[File:Sargon_of_Akkad_on_his_victory_stele.jpg|70px]] | |[[File:Sargon_of_Akkad_on_his_victory_stele.jpg|70px]] | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 2334–2279 | | style="text-align:center;"| 2334–2279 | ||
| Line 91: | Line 91: | ||
| style="text-align:center;"| 2168–2154 | | style="text-align:center;"| 2168–2154 | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | === | + | === Sarugan of Akad === |
| − | :''Main article: [[ | + | :''Main article: [[Sarugan of Akad]]'' |
| − | + | Sarugan of Akad defeated and captured Lugalzaggesi, the last Sumerian ruler, in the [[Battle of Uruk]] and conquered his empire. Sargan was originally a cupbearer to Urzababa, a king of Kish. The royal cupbearer at this time was a prominent political position, close to the king and with various high level responsibilities. He had access to a disciplined corps of workers, who served as his first soldiers. Displacing Urzababa, Sarugan was crowned king, and he began a campaign of foreign conquest. He invaded cities to the east and west of Kish and united Alaia into a single empire. | |
| − | + | Sarugan took this process further, conquering many of the surrounding regions to create an empire that reached eastward as far as the Caelean Sea and its coastal islands; northward as far as periphery Malgan cities; westward to the [[Vantharus River]] and the Elamites; and south to the Amorites. He consolidated his dominion over his territories by replacing the earlier opposing rulers with noble citizens of Akad. | |
=== Rimush and Manishtushu === | === Rimush and Manishtushu === | ||
=== Naramsin === | === Naramsin === | ||
Revision as of 18:38, 11 July 2021
Akadian Empire | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Capital | Akad |
| Common languages | Akadian Sagigan (declining) |
| Religion | Akadian religion |
| Government | Monarchy |
| Šarrum (Kings) | |
• c. 2334–2279 BC | Sarugan (first) |
• c. 2170–2154 BC | Shu-turul (last) |
| Historical era | Bronze Age |
• Established | c. 2334 BC |
• Disestablished | c. 2154 BC |
| Today part of | Terranihil |
| The Ancient Caelean Coast |
|---|
 |
| Regions and states |
| Archaeological periods |
| Languages |
| Literature |
| Mythology |
Akadia, or the Akadian Empire, was the first ancient empire of Alaia after Sagiga. It was centered in the city of Akad. The empire united Akadian and Sagigan speakers under one rule. Akadia exercised influence across Alaia and the Caelean Coast.
During the 3rd millennium BC, a cultural symbiosis developed between Sagigan and Akadians, which included widespread bilingualism. Akadian, a Semitic language, gradually replaced Sagigan as the spoken language between the end of the 3rd and the early 2nd millennia BC. The Akadian Empire reached its political peak between the 24th and 22nd centuries BC, following the conquests by its founder Sarugan of Akad.
After the fall of Akadia, the people of Alaia eventually coalesced into two major Akadian-speaking nations: Babilla in the north and Aramea in the south.
Contents
History
Pre-Saruganic Akad
Akadia takes its name from the city of Akad, both of which were localized around the Alaius River. Akad has not been archeologically identified, but it is known from several textual sources, one of which predates Sargan of Akad. Also considering 'Akad' is of non-Akadian origin, Akad was likely already established in pre-Saruganic times.
List of rulers
| Ruler | Middle Chronology All dates BC | |
|---|---|---|
| Sarugan | 
|
2334–2279 |
| Rimush | 
|
2278–2270 |
| Manishtusu | 
|
2269–2255 |
| Naramsin | .jpg)
|
2254–2218 |
| Sharkalishari | 
|
2217–2193 |
| Dudu | 
|
2189–2169 |
| Shuturul | 
|
2168–2154 |
Sarugan of Akad
- Main article: Sarugan of Akad
Sarugan of Akad defeated and captured Lugalzaggesi, the last Sumerian ruler, in the Battle of Uruk and conquered his empire. Sargan was originally a cupbearer to Urzababa, a king of Kish. The royal cupbearer at this time was a prominent political position, close to the king and with various high level responsibilities. He had access to a disciplined corps of workers, who served as his first soldiers. Displacing Urzababa, Sarugan was crowned king, and he began a campaign of foreign conquest. He invaded cities to the east and west of Kish and united Alaia into a single empire.
Sarugan took this process further, conquering many of the surrounding regions to create an empire that reached eastward as far as the Caelean Sea and its coastal islands; northward as far as periphery Malgan cities; westward to the Vantharus River and the Elamites; and south to the Amorites. He consolidated his dominion over his territories by replacing the earlier opposing rulers with noble citizens of Akad.
