Difference between revisions of "Vaktrian language"
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! [[High vowel|High]] | ! [[High vowel|High]] | ||
− | | i | + | | /i/ ''ı í''|| /u/ ''u ú'' |
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! [[Middle vowel|Mid]] | ! [[Middle vowel|Mid]] | ||
− | | colspan="2" |/e/ | + | | colspan="2" |/e/ ''e é'' |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Low vowel|Low]] | ! [[Low vowel|Low]] | ||
− | | colspan="2" |/a/ | + | | colspan="2" |/a/ ''a á'' |
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Revision as of 00:30, 9 March 2021
Vektranamic | |
---|---|
vektranā́mi | |
Region | Terranihil |
Era | 16th century BC - 2nd century AD (and until present in liturgy) |
Revival | 8th century AD |
Vektranamic alphabet | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Part of a series on |
Ecro-Avansertian languages |
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Vektranamic (Vektranamic:Ⲫⲉⲕⲧⲣⲁⲛⲁ̄ⲙⲓ, Vektranā́mi) is a classical language of Terranihil belonging to the Terranilian-Azumanakan branch of the Ecro-Avansertian language family. It arose in south eastern Terranihil in the mid 2nd millenium BC from its predecessor, Proto-Terranilic, as the first recorded Terranilic language. It used the Vektranamic alphabet, derived from Greek. It was the language of the ancient Vektranamic Empire that existed from 1500-600 BC. It is the sacred language of X religion, the language of classical X philosophy, and of the X church.
Contents
Etymology
History
Origin
Classical Vektranamic
1600-1000 BC
Middle Vektranamic
1000-400 BC
Late Vektranamic
400 BC-200 AD
Geographic distribution
Phonology
Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dental | alveolar | post-alveolar | ||||||
Plosive | voiceless | /p/ p p | /t/ t t | /k/ k k | /ʔ/ ' ' | |||
aspirated | /pʰ/ pʰ | /tʰ/ tʰ | /kʰ/ kʰ | |||||
voiced | /b/ b b | /d/ d d | /g/ g g | |||||
Fricative | /f/ f f | /θ/ tᵃ ṭ | /s/ s s | /ʃ/ ś š | /x/ kᵃ c | /h/ h h | ||
voiced | /v/ v v | /ð/ dᵃ ḍ | /z/ z z | /ʒ/ ź ž | /ɣ/ gᵃ ǧ | |||
Nasal | /m/ m m | /n/ n n | ||||||
Liquid | /r/ r r, /l/ l l | |||||||
Semivowel | /j/ y j | /w/ w w |
Vektranamic has one digraph: /tʃ/ č.
High | /i/ ı í | /u/ u ú |
---|---|---|
Mid | /e/ e é | |
Low | /a/ a á |
Morphology
Verbs
Vektranamic has three tenses: past, present, and future; three aspects: simple, progressive, and perfect; five moods: interrogative, imperative, conditional, potential, and subjunctive; and eight persons corresponding to the eight pronouns. Grammatical person and negation is expressed by verb prefixes, while tense, aspect, and mood are expressed by suffixes.
Case name | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -va | -i | |
Accusative | -ay | -vay | -iya |
Dative | -al | -val | -il |
Genetive | -ok | -vok | -ik |
Instrumental | -ap | -vap | -ip |
At locative | -ec | -vec | -ic |
On locative | -er | -ver | -ir |
In locative | -est | -vest | -sit |
Nouns
Vektranamic has no grammatical gender; three numbers: singular, dual, plural; and six cases: nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, instrumental, and locative.
The instrumental case denotes usage of a thing.
- I wrote the note with a pen
- I ewjewfnw
The locative case denotes a noun at location or time, in something, and on something.
- She was born at 3 PM.
- she weue
- The cat is in the bag.
- the cajrrewn
- The paper is on the table.
- the pasoewee
Case name | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -va | -i | |
Accusative | -ay | -vay | -iya |
Dative | -al | -val | -il |
Genetive | -ok | -vok | -ik |
Instrumental | -ap | -vap | -ip |
At locative | -ec | -vec | -ic |
On locative | -er | -ver | -ir |
In locative | -est | -vest | -sit |
Pronouns
Vektramic has seven personal pronouns. Second and third person have a dual form but first does not. Each person has a plural. They are not gendered. All of the noun cases apply to pronouns; however, instrumental case denotes accompaniment rather than usage and the at locative case denotes near or around.
Person | Number | Case | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genetive | Instrumental | At locative | On locative | In locative | ||
First | Singular | agam | agay | agal | agok | agap | agec | ager | agest |
Plural | vayam | vaya | vayal | vayok | vayap | vayec | vayer | vaysit | |
Second | Singular | tu | toy | tul | tok | tuyap | tuyec | tuyer | tuyest |
Dual | vu | voy | vul | vok | vuyap | vuyec | vuyer | vuyest | |
Plural | yu | oy | yul | yok | oyap | oyec | oyer | yusit | |
Third | Singular | sa | saya | sayal | sayok | sayap | sayec | sayer | sayest |
Dual | sva | svaya | svayal | svayok | svayap | svayec | svayer | svayest | |
Plural | täs | täya | täyal | täyok | täyap | täyec | täyer | täysit |