Difference between revisions of "Vaktrian language"
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| rowspan="6" |''Perfective''||''No mood''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-ic'''|| style="text-align: center;" | || style="text-align: center;" |'''-im''' | | rowspan="6" |''Perfective''||''No mood''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-ic'''|| style="text-align: center;" | || style="text-align: center;" |'''-im''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |''Subjunctive''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-ica'''|| style="text-align: center;" | '''-a'''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-ima''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |''Conditional''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-icen'''|| style="text-align: center;" | '''-en'''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-imen''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |''Potential''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-iceṭ'''|| style="text-align: center;" | '''-eṭ'''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-imeṭ''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |''Imperative''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-icar'''|| style="text-align: center;" | '''-ar'''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-imar''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |''Interrogative''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-iciš'''|| style="text-align: center;" | '''-iš'''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-imiš''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |||
+ | | rowspan="6" |''Progressive''||''No mood''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-ev'''|| style="text-align: center;" | || style="text-align: center;" |'''-ep''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''Subjunctive''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-ica'''|| style="text-align: center;" | '''-a'''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-ima''' | |''Subjunctive''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-ica'''|| style="text-align: center;" | '''-a'''|| style="text-align: center;" |'''-ima''' |
Revision as of 01:52, 9 March 2021
Vektranamic | |
---|---|
vektranā́mi | |
Region | Terranihil |
Era | 16th century BC - 2nd century AD (and until present in liturgy) |
Revival | 8th century AD |
Vektranamic alphabet | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Part of a series on |
Ecro-Avansertian languages |
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Vektranamic (Vektranamic:Ⲫⲉⲕⲧⲣⲁⲛⲁ̄ⲙⲓ, Vektranā́mi) is a classical language of Terranihil belonging to the Terranilian-Azumanakan branch of the Ecro-Avansertian language family. It arose in south eastern Terranihil in the mid 2nd millenium BC from its predecessor, Proto-Terranilic, as the first recorded Terranilic language. It used the Vektranamic alphabet, derived from Greek. It was the language of the ancient Vektranamic Empire that existed from 1500-600 BC. It is the sacred language of X religion, the language of classical X philosophy, and of the X church.
Contents
Etymology
History
Origin
Classical Vektranamic
1600-1000 BC
Middle Vektranamic
1000-400 BC
Late Vektranamic
400 BC-200 AD
Geographic distribution
Phonology
Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dental | alveolar | post-alveolar | ||||||
Plosive | voiceless | /p/ p p | /t/ t t | /k/ k k | /ʔ/ ' ' | |||
aspirated | /pʰ/ pʰ | /tʰ/ tʰ | /kʰ/ kʰ | |||||
voiced | /b/ b b | /d/ d d | /g/ g g | |||||
Fricative | /f/ f f | /θ/ tᵃ ṭ | /s/ s s | /ʃ/ ś š | /x/ kᵃ c | /h/ h h | ||
voiced | /v/ v v | /ð/ dᵃ ḍ | /z/ z z | /ʒ/ ź ž | /ɣ/ gᵃ ǧ | |||
Nasal | /m/ m m | /n/ n n | ||||||
Liquid | /r/ r r, /l/ l l | |||||||
Semivowel | /j/ y j | /w/ w w |
Vektranamic has one digraph: /tʃ/ č.
High | /i/ ı ï | /u/ u ü |
---|---|---|
Mid | /e/ e ë | |
Low | /a/ a ä |
Morphology
Verbs
Vektranamic has three tenses: past, present, and future; two aspects: perfective and progressive; five moods: interrogative, imperative, conditional, potential, and subjunctive; and eight persons corresponding to the eight pronouns. Grammatical person and negation is expressed by verb prefixes, while tense, aspect, and mood are expressed by suffixes.
Aspect | Mood | Case | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Past | Present | Future | ||
Perfective | No mood | -ic | -im | |
Subjunctive | -ica | -a | -ima | |
Conditional | -icen | -en | -imen | |
Potential | -iceṭ | -eṭ | -imeṭ | |
Imperative | -icar | -ar | -imar | |
Interrogative | -iciš | -iš | -imiš | |
Progressive | No mood | -ev | -ep | |
Subjunctive | -ica | -a | -ima | |
Conditional | -icen | -en | -imen | |
Potential | -iceṭ | -eṭ | -imeṭ | |
Imperative | -icar | -ar | -imar | |
Interrogative | -iciš | -iš | -imiš |
Nouns
Vektranamic has no grammatical gender; three numbers: singular, dual, plural; and six cases: nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, instrumental, and locative.
The instrumental case denotes usage of a thing.
- I wrote the note with a pen
- I ewjewfnw
The locative case denotes a noun at location or time, in something, and on something.
- She was born at 3 PM.
- she weue
- The cat is in the bag.
- the cajrrewn
- The paper is on the table.
- the pasoewee
Case name | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -va | -i | |
Accusative | -ay | -vay | -iya |
Dative | -al | -val | -il |
Genetive | -uk | -vuk | -ik |
Instrumental | -ap | -vap | -ip |
At locative | -eč | -več | -ič |
On locative | -er | -ver | -ir |
In locative | -est | -vest | -sit |
Pronouns
Vektramic has seven personal pronouns. Second and third person have a dual form but first does not. Each person has a plural. They are not gendered. All of the noun cases apply to pronouns; however, instrumental case denotes accompaniment rather than usage and the at locative case denotes near or around.
Person | Number | Case | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genetive | Instrumental | At locative | On locative | In locative | ||
First | Singular | agam | agay | agal | aguk | agap | ageč | ager | agest |
Plural | vayam | vaya | vayal | vayuk | vayap | vayeč | vayer | vaysit | |
Second | Singular | tu | tuy | tul | tuk | tuyap | tuyeč | tuyer | tuyest |
Dual | vu | vuy | vul | vuk | vuyap | vuyeč | vuyer | vuyest | |
Plural | yu | uy | yul | yuk | oyap | oyeč | oyer | yusit | |
Third | Singular | sa | saya | sayal | sayuk | sayap | sayeč | sayer | sayest |
Dual | sva | svaya | svayal | svayuk | svayap | svayeč | svayer | svayest | |
Plural | täs | täya | täyal | täyuk | täyap | täyeč | täyer | täysit |