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| − | {{Infobox former country
| + | #REDIRECT [[San Carlos Islands]] |
| − | |native_name = Capitanía General de las'Islas San Carlos<!-- Name in a modern syntax of native language(s). Leave blank if name is only in English.
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| − | Separate with line breaks<br/> or use Template:Plainlist. If language uses Latin characters, place name(s) in italics. -->
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| − | |conventional_long_name = Captaincy General of the San Carlos Islands<!-- Full name in English -->
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| − | |common_name = San Carlos Islands<!-- Name to be used in constructing links and category names; not for display -->
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| − | |iso3166code = omit <!-- For a country or geopolitical version of a country that ceased to exist prior to the introduction of iso3166-->
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| − | |era = [[Creeperian Colonial Empire|Colonial]]<!-- Use: "Napoleonic Wars", "Cold War", etc. -->
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| − | |status = [[Creeperian Colonial Empire|Creeperian colony]]<!-- Status: see Category list on template page -->
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| − | |status_text = <!-- A free text to describe status at the top of the infobox. Use sparingly. -->
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| − | |empire = Creeperopolis<!-- The empire or country to which the entity was in a state of dependency -->
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| − | |government_type = Captaincy General<!-- To generate categories: "Monarchy", "Republic", etc. to generate categories -->
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| − | <!-- Rise and fall, events, years and dates -->
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| − | <!-- only fill in the start/end event entry if a specific article exists. Don't just say "abolition" or "declaration" -->
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| − | |event_start = Proclaimed<!-- Default: "Established" -->
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| − | |date_start = 1 June<!-- Optional: Date of establishment, in format 1 January (no year) -->
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| − | |year_start = 1387<!-- Year of establishment -->
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| − | |event_end = Department status<!-- Default: "Disestablished" -->
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| − | |date_end = 19 January<!-- Optional: Date of disestablishment, in format 1 January (no year) -->
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| − | |year_end = 1888<!-- Year of disestablishment -->
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| − | |year_exile_start = <!-- Year of start of exile (if dealing with exiled government: status="Exile") -->
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| − | |year_exile_end = <!-- Year of end of exile (leave blank if still in exile) -->
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| − | |event1 = De facto established<!-- Optional: other events between "start" and "end" -->
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| − | |date_event1 = 15 September 1387
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| − | |event2 = Parliamentization
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| − | |date_event2 = 1 March 1565
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| − | |event_pre = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place before "event_start" -->
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| − | |event_post = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place after "event_end" -->
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| − | |date_post =
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| − | <!-- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 -->
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| − | |p1 = <!-- Name of the article for preceding entity, numbered 1-5 -->
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| − | |flag_p1 = <!-- Default: "Flag of {{{p1}}}.svg" (size 30) -->
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| − | |image_p1 = <!-- Use: [[File:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] -->
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| − | |flag_p2 =
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| − | |s1 = San Carlos Islands<!-- Name of the article for succeeding entity, numbered 1-5 -->
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| − | |flag_s1 = Royal Banner of the Crown of Castille (Habsbourg Style).svg<!-- Default: "Flag of {{{s1}}}.svg" (size 30) -->
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| − | |image_s1 = <!-- Use: [[File:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] -->
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| − | |image_flag = File:Royal Banner of the Crown of Castille (Habsbourg Style).svg<!-- Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}}.svg -->
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| − | |flag_alt = <!-- Alt text for flag -->
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| − | |image_flag2 = <!-- Second flag -->
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| − | |flag_alt2 = <!-- Alt text for second flag -->
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| − | |flag = <!-- Link target under flag image. Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}} -->
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| − | |flag2 = <!-- Link target under flag2 image. Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}} -->
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| − | |flag_type = <!-- Displayed text for link under flag. Default "Flag" -->
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| − | |flag2_type = <!-- Displayed text for link under flag2. Default "Flag" -->
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| − | |image_coat = File:Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (1284-1390).svg<!-- Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}}.svg -->
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| − | |coa_size = <!-- Size of coat of arms -->
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| − | |coat_alt = <!-- Alt text for coat of arms -->
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| − | |symbol_type = <!-- Displayed text for link under symbol. Default "Coat of arms" -->
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| − | |symbol_type_article = <!-- Link target under symbol image. Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}} -->
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| − | |image_map = Captaincy General SCI.png
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| − | |image_map_alt =
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| − | |image_map_caption =
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| − | |image_map2 = <!-- If second map is needed; does not appear by default -->
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| − | |image_map2_alt =
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| − | |image_map2_caption =
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| − | |capital = [[Camarillo|Cámarillo]]
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| − | |capital_exile = <!-- If status="Exile" -->
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| − | |national_motto = ''Viva y Salve las'Islas San Carlos''
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| − | |national_anthem = [[Captaincy General of the San Carlos Islands#Regional anthem|Viva y Salve]]<div style="padding-top:0.5em;"><br><center>{{center|[[File:Marcha Real (1915).ogg]]}}</center></div>
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| − | |common_languages = [[Creeperian Spanish]]
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| − | |religion = [[Creeperian Catholic Church]]
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| − | |demonym = San Carlositos
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| − | |currency = [[Creeperian Peso]]
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| − | <!-- Titles and names of the first and last leaders and their deputies -->
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| − | |leader1 = [[Miguel II of Creeperopolis|Miguel II]] <!-- Name of king or president -->
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| − | |leader2 = [[Miguel V of Creeperopolis|Miguel V]]
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| − | |leader3 = [[Alfonso III of Creeperopolis|Alfonso III]]
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| − | |leader4 = [[Alfonso IV of Creeperopolis|Alfonso IV]]
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| − | |leader5 = [[Adolfo II of Creeperopolis|Adolfo II]]
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| − | |year_leader1 = 1387–1405<!-- Years served -->
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| − | |year_leader2 = 1500–1555
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| − | |year_leader3 = 1555–1587
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| − | |year_leader4 = 1634–1666
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| − | |year_leader5 = 1730–1749
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| − | |title_leader = [[List of Creeperian Monarchs|King]]<!-- Default: "King" for monarchy, otherwise "President" -->
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| − | |representative1 = [[Cristóbal Colón Cámarillo]]<!-- Name of representative of head of state (e.g. colonial governor) -->
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| − | |representative2 = [[Pedro Gutiérrez Valdivia]]
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| − | |representative3 = [[Antonio Mendoza Pacheco]]
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| − | |representative4 = [[Juan Palafox Mendoza]]
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| − | |representative5 = [[Luís Enríquez Guzmán]]
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| − | |year_representative1 = 1387–1392<!-- Years served -->
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| − | |year_representative2 = 1392–1412
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| − | |year_representative3 = 1565–1580
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| − | |year_representative4 = 1685–1736
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| − | |year_representative5 = 1745–1749
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| − | |title_representative = [[Capitan General of the San Carlos Islands|Captain General]]<!-- Default: "Governor" -->
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| − | |deputy1 = <!-- Name of prime minister -->
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| − | |deputy2 =
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| − | |deputy3 =
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| − | |deputy4 =
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| − | |year_deputy1 = <!-- Years served -->
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| − | |year_deputy2 =
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| − | |year_deputy3 =
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| − | |year_deputy4 =
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| − | |title_deputy = <!-- Default: "Prime minister" -->
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| − | <!-- Legislature -->
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| − | |legislature = [[Parliament of San Carlos Islands (1565–1749)|Parliament]]<!-- Name of legislature -->
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| − | |house1 = [[Captaincy General of the San Carlos Islands#Chamber of Representatives|Chamber of Representatives]]<!-- Name of first chamber -->
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| − | |type_house1 = <!-- Default: "Upper house" -->
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| − | |house2 = [[Captaincy General of the San Carlos Islands#Chamber of Islanders|Chamber of Islanders]]<!-- Name of second chamber -->
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| − | |type_house2 = <!-- Default: "Lower house" -->
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| − | <!-- Area and population of a given year -->
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| − | |stat_year1 = 1387<!-- year of the statistic, specify either area, population or both -->
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| − | |stat_area1 = <!-- area in square kílometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated -->
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| − | |stat_pop1 = 223,584<!-- population (w/o commas or spaces), population density is calculated if area is also given -->
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| − | |stat_year2 = 1749
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| − | |stat_area2 =
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| − | |stat_pop2 = 957,715
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| − | |today = {{flagicon image|San Carlos Islands Flag.png}} [[San Carlos Islands]]<!-- Present-day countries that overlap with the territorial extent of the former country. Do not use this parameter if there are more than four such countries. --><!-- Do NOT add flags, per MOS:INFOBOXFLAG -->
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| − | |footnote_a = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
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| − | |footnote_b = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
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| − | |footnote_h = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
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| − | |footnotes = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
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| − | }}
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| − | The '''Captaincy General of the San Carlos Islands''' ([[Creeperian Spanish]]: ''Capitanía General de las'Islas San Carlos'', pronounced in Creeperian Spanish: {{color|blue|/ˈka.piˈtan.ia ˈxen.eɾˈal de lasˈis.las ˈsan ˈkar.los/}}), also referred to as the '''Creeperian San Carlos Islands''' or simply the '''San Carlos Islands''', or sometimes referred to as by the Spanish '''Islas San Carlos''', was a colony and administrative division of the [[Creeperopolis|Kingdom of Creeperopolis]]. From 1381 until 1387, Admiral [[Cristóbal Colón Cámarillo]] of the [[Creeperian Navy]] [[Voyages of Cristóbal Colón Cámarillo|traveled to and explored]] the islands and established a Creeperian colonial presence on the archipelago which he named the ''San Carlos Islands''.
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| − | Colón Cámarillo was appointed as the islands' first [[Capitan General of the San Carlos Islands|Captain General]] in 1387 and he ruled until his death in 1392, from which, the military ruled the islands mostly unchecked. [[Pedro Gutiérrez Valdivia]], Colón Cámarillo's immediate successor, increased his use usage of slavery, turning the southernmost island of the archipelago into a slave trading hub where most of the islands' slaves originated from. In 1565, the islands experienced the Parliamentization where the islands transitioned from military rule to civilian rule with democracy and a parliament.
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| − | The captaincy general remained as a parliamentary democracy from 1565 until 1749, then the archipelago was sold to [[Xusma]] in a purchase now known as the [[Guazatancillo Affair]] for 15 million [[Quebecshirite Credit|credits]], worth around 2.6 billion credits adjusted to inflation. The purchase was agreed upon by Creeperian [[Prime Minister of Creeperopolis|Prime Minister]] [[Orlando Moreno Hidalgo]] and Xussman [[List of Xussman Monarchs|Tsar]] [[Pyanykh I of Xusma|Pyanykh I]], where the archipelago was renamed to the [[Khalkovo|Southwestern Territories Colony of Khalkovo]]. Creeperian influence on the islands persisted as many names given by the Creeperans remain today, either fully intact or translated into Xussman, such as Admiralia, Camarillo, and the name of the country itself.
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| − | The Captaincy General of the San Carlos Islands was the first overseas Creeperian colony that composed the so-called [[Creeperian Colonial Empire]]. It was also the longest lasting Creeperian colony, existing for 362 years from 1387 to 1749. The Creeperans colonized the islands longer than the Xussmans, who controlled the islands for 192 years from 1749 to 1941. From 1811 to 1834, the Creeperans attempted to recapture the islands from the Xussmans during the [[Khalkovo War]], creating the [[Principality of the San Carlos Islands]] with [[Porfirio I of the San Carlos Islands|Porfirio Mendoza Basadone]], a member of the influential [[Mendoza Family]], as Prince of the San Carlos Islands.
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| − | The captaincy general consisted of five viceroyalties: [[Colón (viceroyalty)|Colón]], [[Esclaveta (viceroyalty)|Esclaveta]], [[Norental (viceroyalty)|Norental]], [[Orisal (viceroyalty)|Orisal]], [[Pescante (viceroyalty)|Pescante]]. The Captaincy General covered the present-day nation of the [[San Carlos Islands]], which became independent from [[Xusma]] in 1941. The captaincy general was one of the three overseas colonies controlled by Creeperopolis, with the other two being the Principality of the San Carlos Islands from 1811 to 1834 and the [[Second Lyoan Empire]] from 1797 to 1837.
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| − | Several atrocities are recorded to have occurred during Creeperian rule of the San Carlos Islands, including mass murder, ethnocide, and genocide against the Natives of the islands, particularly during the early military period from 1392 to 1477, commonly known as "The Enslavement."
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| − | == Background ==
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| − | {{main|Voyages of Cristóbal Colón Cámarillo}}
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| − | [[File:Landing of Columbus (2).jpg|thumb|right|A depiction of [[Cristóbal Colón Cámarillo]] landing on Admirala bearing a banner with the coat of arms of King [[Adolfo I of Creeperopolis|Adolfo I]] and Queen-consort [[María, casada de Adolfo I|María]].]]
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| − | In the early 1300s, Quebecshirite Captain [[Félix Vernier]] encountered a group of islands southwest of [[New Gandor]] and named them ''Gandeur du Sud'', translated as ''South Gandor''. Vernier never stepped foot on the islands but their location was documented.
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| − | Meanwhile, the [[Creeperian Crusade]] concluded in 1345 in [[Creeperopolis]] with the [[Siege of Shata' Albahr|fall of Shata' Albahr]]. King [[Miguel I of Creeperopolis|Miguel I]] died in 1365 and was succeeded by his son, [[Adolfo I of Creeperopolis|Adolfo I]], who was made aware of the islands' existence and he wanted to conquer new lands like his father had done. Internal economic issues prevented the [[Creeperans]] from sending an expeditionary force to the islands during the 1360s and 1370s, but in 1380, the [[Creeperian Navy]] was able to gather enough money, support, and resources to fund a voyage to the islands.
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| − | The voyage east was lead by Admiral [[Cristóbal Colón Cámarillo]] and composed of three ships: the ''[[Rey Alfonso I (ship)|Rey Alfonso I]]'', the ''[[Rey Felipe I (ship)|Rey Felipe I]]'', and the ''[[Rey Machtītin I (ship)|Rey Machtītin I]]''. The ships left the port of [[Salvador (city)|Salvador]] on 18 April 1381 and headed east across the [[Southern Ocean]]. On 12 October 1381, Colón Cámarillo landed on the largest island in the north of the archipelago which he called ''La'Isla Gran del Admiral'', later known as simply [[Admiralia (island)|Admiralia]], the island's current name. The Creeperans met with some Natives of the island and they were introduced to their village. The two exchanged gifts; the Creeperans gifted the Natives hammocks and crosses while the Natives gifted the Creeperans beads, candles, whale bone tools, and gold. After a few days, the Creeperans departed, believing that the island was rich in gold. As the ships departed, Colón Cámarillo named the islands ''Los'Islas Imperiales de San Carlos el Mártir de Creeperopólis'', translated as ''The Imperial Islands of San Carlos the Martyr of Creeperopolis'', named after Saint [[Carlos, hijo de Alfonso I|Carlos]], the youngest son of Alfonso I who died in combat in 1299. One of his patronages was gold, and since the Creeperans were gifted gold by the Natives, the islands were named after Saint Carlos. The name would eventually be shorted over time to simply the ''[[San Carlos Islands]]''.
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| − | [[File:Voyages of CCC.png|thumb|left|Map of the three voyages.]]
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| − | The Creeperans then headed south and explored more of the islands of the archipelago, naming all of the ones they came across. They landed on the island of [[Chirikov (island)|Chirikov]] and established their own settlement called of [[Saint Nicholas, San Carlos Islands|Saint Nicholas]]. The Creeperans worked with the Natives there and were able to live off of food provided by the Natives. [[Creeperian Catholic Church|Creeperian Catholic]] priests taught the Natives [[Creeperian Spanish]] in order to better communicate with the Natives and many were even converted to Catholicism. The Creeperans traveled north along the eastern coast of the archipelago. The Creeperans then returned to Creeperopolis and arrived to Salvador on 18 March 1382. Colón Cámarillo showed Adolfo I the gold they were gifted and he immediately began preparations for a second voyage to begin finding good locations to make permanent settlements.
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| − | On 17 November 1383, Colón Cámarillo commanded the same three ships and traveled to the San Carlos Islands with the mission of finding locations that would be perfect to establishing permanent settlements. The Creeperans carried coffee with them this time as gifts for the Natives and as bribes so that they would be willing to live under Creeperian rule. Colón Cámarillo and his fleet landed on the island just south of Admiralia on 15 March 1834. They established a temporary settlement and continued to San Nicolás a week later. They arrived on 26 March 1834 and reunited themselves with the Natives still living there. Colón Cámarillo established a permanent settlement at San Nicolás. They stayed there for two months, improving relations with the natives, trading goods, and building up the settlement. Of the 1,200 men on the journey, 400 stayed behind to maintain the settlement and continue relations with the Natives. Colón Cámarillo placed [[Pedro Gutiérrez Valdivia]], his second-in-command, in charge of San Nicolás and the Creeperans departed on 13 June 1384. They sailed south, following the same route as the first voyage, and again sailed along the coast of the island of Cámarillo. Colón Cámarillo continued to follow the coast and encountered a large Native settlement on the island on 24 June 1384. The settlement was home to 30,000 Natives and both had a friendly initial interaction. Both groups traded gifts and the Creeperans settled there for three months. They were treated as guests and the Creeperans helped the Natives develop the settlement. Colón Cámarillo named the settlement ''Ciudad Grande del Admiral Cristóbal Colón Cámarillo'', after himself. The city is know known as simply [[Camarillo]] with the "á" replaced with an "a" after the Creeperans left the islands. The Creeperans departed the city on 1 September 1384 and carefully charted down its location since Colón Cámarillo wanted to make the settlement the islands' capital city. The Creeperans headed west and then south, and then returned to Creeperopolis, arriving in Salvador on 13 February 1385.
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| − | When he returned, he arrived to a country fighting another war against the [[Deltinians]]. While he was gone, in 1384, the Deltinians, under the leadership of [[Caliph of Deltino|Caliph]] [[Orhan III of Abdan|Orhan III bin Abu Zaidi]], [[Deltinian War|revolted]] against Adolfo I in the departments of [[Abdan (department)|Abdan]], [[Helam (department)|Helam]], and [[Jakiz (department)|Jakiz]]. As a result, plans for a third voyage were put on hold, but plans were made nonetheless.Adolfo I died on 2 May 1385 and was succeeded by his son, [[Miguel II of Creeperopolis|Miguel II]]. Under Miguel II, the Deltinian rebellion was mostly crushed with some holdouts in Abdan that would be fully defeated in 1403. In 1387, Miguel II authorized the third voyage to officially claim the San Carlos Islands as a colony of Creeperopolis.
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| − | == History ==
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| − | === Under Colón Cámarillo (1387–1392) ===
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| − | [[File:Cristóbal Colón Cámarillo.jpg|thumb|right|[[Cristóbal Colón Cámarillo]] <small>(1387–1392)</small>]]
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| − | On 1 June 1387, Miguel II proclaimed the establishment of the Captaincy General of the San Carlos Islands to govern the San Carlos Islands in representation of the monarchy. He proclaimed Colón Cámarillo as the Capitan General of the Captaincy General and he began his final voyage to the San Carlos Islands. He would never see Creeperopolis again. The same three ships were taken, but six additional ships were also carrying hundreds of Creeperian families to settle the islands. Around 4,500 Creeperian men, women, and children were aboard the nine ships.
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| − | Colón Cámarillo's fleet arrived at the northernmost tip of Admiralia and continued south until they reached San Nicolás. There, 1,000 of the settlers departed and permanently settled in San Nicolás. Colón Cámarillo replaced Gutiérrez Valdivia with [[Francisco Villagra Velázquez]] as being in charge of San Nicolás and appointed him as Mayor, the first Creeperian Mayor in the San Carlos Islands. Colón Cámarillo and Gutiérrez Valdivia took seven of the nine ships to Cámarillo where 3,500 more settlers permenently stayed. Colón Cámarillo appointed Gutiérrez Valdivia as Mayor of Cámarillo and made it the capital city of the Captaincy General on 15 September 1387. The name of the city was also officially changed to Cámarillo. One ship with 500 men commanded by [[Diego Kassandro Moreno]] was sent to continue exploring the archipelago and continue mapping the area and return to Creeperopolis. The ship continued to navigate the archipelago and returned to Salvador on 3 February 1388, ending the three voyages of Colón Cámarillo. On 4 October 1388, Colón Cámarillo ordered the enslavement of all adult male Natives on the island of Esclaveta, modern-day Zolotka. He expressed that he would only enslave adult men from the island and strictly forbade the enslavement of women, children, and the elderly. He stated that he wanted to "punish those who hurt us, not those who have done nothing to us."
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| − | Colón Cámarillo expanded the city of Cámarillo during his tenure as [[Capitan General of the San Carlos Islands|Captain General of the San Carlos Islands]], growing it from a small village to a proper city, the largest on the island. Creeperian settlers and Natives coexisted in the city and actively traded with each other. Colón Cámarillo even appointed several Natives to administrative jobs in Cámarillo and across the archipelago. In 1392, the Creeperian Catholic Church permitted interracial marriages between Creeperans and Natives, producing the first children of a mixed race on the island.
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| − | === The Enslavement (1392–1477) ===
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| − | {{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=300
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| − | | header = Captain Generals (1392–1477)
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| − | | image1 = Pedro de Valdivia.jpg|alt1=Pedro Gutiérrez Valdivia
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| − | | image2 = García Hurtado de Mendoza, Gobernador y Capitán General de Chile.jpg|alt2=Portrait of Gustavo Hurtado Mendoza
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| − | | image3 = Rodrigo de Quiroga.JPG|alt3=Portrait of Miguel Quiroga López
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| − | | image4 = Alonso de Sotomayor.JPG|alt4=Portrait of Melchor Bravo Saravia
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| − | | footer = {{bulleted list
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| − | | Top left: [[Pedro Gutiérrez Valdivia]] <small>(1392–1412)</small>
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| − | | Top right: [[Gustavo Hurtado Mendoza]] <small>(1412–1427)</small>
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| − | | Bottom left: [[Miguel Quiroga López]] <small>(1427–1463)</small>
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| − | | Bottom right: [[Melchor Bravo Saravia]] <small>(1463–1477)</small>}}
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| − | }}
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| − | Colón Cámarillo died on 22 April 1392 and was succeeded as Captain General by Gutiérrez Valdivia, his second-in-command who he had appointed as Mayor of Cámarillo. Although Colón Cámarillo officially retired from military life when he assumed command as Captain General, Gutiérrez Valdivia remained on active military duty and continued to command soldiers in battle.
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| − | Under Gutiérrez Valdivia, all Natives were expelled from administrative positions, undoing the work of Colón Cámarillo. He also increased commitment to subjugating and enslaving Esclaveta, earning him the nickname "El Esclavizador," meaning "The Enslaver." During his tenure, brutal punishments were introduced against slaves who violated laws or codes of conduct, including torture and death. A caste system, known as the ''Casta'', was also introduced as a form of segregation and established a racial hierarchy. The period has become known as "The Enslavement" and is considered the worst period of Creeperian rule in the San Carlos Islands.
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| − | In 1402, Gutiérrez Valdivia ordered the construction of two Creeperian Catholic missions on the archipelago: the [[Mission San Carlos|San Carlos Mission]] in Cámarillo and the [[Mission San Nicolás|San Nicolás Mission]] in San Nicolás. Both missions were completed and consecrated by the Church in 1411. Both missions were constructed by Native slaves overseen by Creeperian supervisors. Of the missions, San Nicolás is still in active use today, while San Carlos was destroyed during the [[Khalkovo War]] with [[Xusma]] in 1811. Both were listed as [[Creeperopolis National Historical Landmarks]] on 8 June 1970.
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| − | Gutiérrez Valdivia was assassinated on 3 May 1412 by one of his Native slaves in the [[National Palace of the San Carlos Islands (Camarillo)|National Palace]] in Cámarillo. He was shot in the back of the head by the slave who stole a gun from a guard. Gutiérrez Valdivia was succeeded by [[Gustavo Hurtado Mendoza]], the Mayor of Cámarillo, who had the slave publicly tortured to death in front of the National Palace. The slave's entire family was also put to death due to their relation to him. News of the assassination spread across the islands, and when it reached Esclaveta, the slaves staged an [[Revolt of Esclaveta (1412)|uprising]] against the Creeperans. The revolt was crushed by the end of the year by Hurtado Mendoza's forces. He was the first member of the later to be very influential [[Mendoza Family]] to serve as Captain General of the San Carlos Islands. Hurtado Mendoza had two large statues of Colón Cámarillo and Gutiérrez Valdivia constructed in front of the San Carlos Mission in 1417 in their memory for what they have contributed to the islands. Neither statue stands today as they were both destroyed in 1811.
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| − | The [[Old Orisal gold mine|Orisal gold mine]] was established in 1387 by Colón Cámarillo and had been manned by slaves since 1389, but since then, the mine had begun to run into financial issues as less and less gold was being discovered. In 1419, Hurtado Mendoza opened a new mine [[Middle Orisal gold mine|new mine]] 3 miles south of the old mine, officially abandoning the old mine in 1421 after two months without finding any gold. The mine was later blown shut in 1749 by Creeperian landowners who wanted to prevent the Xussmans from using it in the future. The new mine was excavated and mined by Native slaves, with regimes being extremely rough and difficult at 12-hour work days every day of the week. Most of the gold mined went directly to Creeperopolis, while the remainder of the gold went into the San Carlos Islander economy or foreign buyers.
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| − | Hurtado Mendoza resigned as captain general on 12 December 1427. He was succeeded by [[Miguel Quiroga López]]. Hurtado Mendoza died of a stroke on 19 December 1430, although many suspected he was poisoned by one of his slaves or some other Native sympathizer. As a result, Quiroga López had 62 slaves put to death, one for every year of Hurtado Mendoza's life, on 1 January 1431. New of the massacre spread, and slaves on Esclaveta [[Revolt of Esclaveta (1431)|revolted]] for a second time. Although suffering initial setbacks in the early months on the revolt, the Creeperans managed to put down the revolt by October 1431.
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| − | [[File:Battle of Pensacola.jpg|thumb|left|Depiction of the [[Battle of Pensacola]].]]
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| − | Quiroga López increased the quotas expected from the slaves working in the gold mines in 1435. Slaves working on construction sites were also given twice the work as they already had. They were forced to build many roads to and from mines and ports and to and from the capital and villages on the island of Cámarillo. Natives across the colony were forced to work harder and harder, and many desired independence. They cried out to Archbishop [[José Morales Herrador]] to intervene on their behalf, but he refused to do so. In 1439, a group of thirty Natives escaped from the [[Pensacola Plantation]] on Esclaveta, most of whom were teenage boys with a few teenage girls and women. They decided to help other slaves escape and organize a third revolt. Lead by seventeen year old [[Kapahu Alana]], they began planning the most well thought out revolt of The Enslavement period. In 1440, the slaves stole guns from the plantation and later attacked it on 2 March 1440, killing all Creeperans present and freeing all the slaves there. The plantation was burned down and destroyed and the Natives declared independence from the captaincy general for the Natives of Esclaveta as [[Lahui Kuokoa]], meaning "Nation of Freedom" in the Native language with Kapahu I as its leader.
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| − | News of the revolt spread across the captaincy general and inspired many more enslaved Natives in other parts of the islands to also revolt. Slaves working in mines, construction sites, and plantations across the islands rose up against the Creeperans, causing confusion and setbacks for the military who began preparing to put down the revolt in Esclaveta. On 15 July 1440, 153 Creeperans on Esclaveta were massacred by the revolting Natives, the first time Creeperans were massacred by Natives in large numbers. Quiroga López reacted by ordering military forces to take no prisoners and kill any and all Natives they came across. By the end of the year, Kapahu I declared Lahui Kuokoa to be free of Creeperans claiming to have killed or enslaved 1,000 Creeperans and forcing the remainder to leave. The claim was refuted by the government of the captaincy general and claimed that they still held control of the island. By 1441, all revolts outside of Esclaveta had been put down, with 12,000 Natives being killed.
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| − | The Creeperans prepared their landing on Esclaveta for 18 July 1441. The Creeperans, lead by [[José Hernández Córdoba]], landed near the capital of [[Anadyr|Anadesa]] and fought with the Natives to regain control of the city. The Creeperans were victorious, but the revolt was not crushed. The city was set on fire by the Natives, inflicting heavy casualties amongst the city's inhabitants. The Creeperans marched inland to recapture the ruins of Pensacola with the intentions to capture Kapahu I. The armies of Hernández Córdoba and Kapahu I engaged at the ruins of the plantation on 13 August 1441 at the [[Battle of Pensacola]]. The battle ended in a decisive Creeperian victory with most of the Native army being killed or recaptured to used for slave labor. Kapahu I, however, evaded capture and fled west to raise another army. Hernández Córdoba chased him down and engaged Kapahu I's rebuilt army at the [[Battle of Casadoble]] on 7 October 1441. Kapahu I's army was again defeated, with most of the army being captured and the remainder killed. He again evaded capture and fled north. Kapahu I and thirty other Native warriors boarded a boat and travelled north to the islands of [[Pescante (viceroyalty)|Pescante]] to rally support there and continue the uprising, however, he never arrived and was never seen again. He is assumed to have drowned at sea after the boat sank for an unknown reason or the boat was swept out to sea and they died of starvation.
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| − | [[File:Death of Kila I.jpg|thumb|right|Death of [[Kila Kalea|Kila I]].]]
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| − | Kapahu I said his armies would be ravaging Pescante by January 1442, but since that did not happen, the Natives still on the run on Esclaveta proclaimed a new leader: [[Kila Kalea|Kila I]]. He marched on Pensacola to recapture the area, but he ran into Hernández Córdoba's army on 17 February 1442 near the village of Hanola. During the [[Battle of Hanola|battle]], Kila I and the Natives were decisively defeated, ending the [[Great Revolt of Esclaveta]] and bringing an end to the Native declared nation of Lahui Kuokoa. Kila I was captured and burned alive by the Creeperans on 19 February 1442. The war killed an estimated 45,000 Natives.
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| − | Following the uprising, working conditions were made even harsher for the Natives as a punishment for the revolt. All men above the age of eighteen were also castrated, eventually leading to a decrease in the Native population over the next 30 years. Quiroga López resigned on 1 March 1463 and was succeeded by [[Melchor Bravo Saravia]]. He traveled to Esclaveta and met with Natives to discuss the status of slavery on the islands. They came to a compromise and Bravo Saravia agreed to abolish slavery for women, children, and the elderly, beginning the path to abolition on the islands. He died on 14 July 1477.
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| − | === The Liberation (1477–1565) ===
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| − | Following Bravo Saravia's death, [[Martín Óñez Barrera]] assumed office as Captain General. On 18 August 1478, after pressure from Native slaves and his Native wife, he signed the ''[[Proclamation of Liberation]]'' which completely abolished slavery across the archipelago and made the practice of slavery illegal. The move was met with severe criticism from the wealthy Creeperian landowners who refused to give up their slaves, but Óñez Barrera sent military forces to coerce slaveowners into releasing their slaves or arrested them if they continued to refuse, beginning a period known as "The Liberation."
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| − | On 13 June 1482, Óñez Barrera decreed that Natives would fill in governance of the municipalities of the islands instead of Creeperans. Natives would be installed once the incumbent Creeperian governors resigned, died, or was removed. On 19 December 1482, the first Native was appointed after a governor on Norental resigned. The appointment marked the first time since 1392 that Natives had a say in the governance of the islands. By 1500, most of the municipalities had been replaced with Natives. The last municipality in Pescante to be replaced with a Native occurred on 14 September 1506. Óñez Barrera was very unpopular amongst the Creeperian population, and he was eventually forced to resign on 29 June 1515 under pressure from Creeperian landowners.
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| − | [[File:Vista de la Plaza Mayor de la Ciudad de México - Cristobal de Villalpando.jpg|thumb|left|Painting of Cámarillo as it was during "The Liberation."]]
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| − | He was replaced by [[Blasco Núñez Vela]], a relative of Mendoza Hurtado, and many landowners thought he would reverse Óñez Barrera's policies, but he continued his policies and allowed greater autonomy for the Native governors to have more freedom to govern their municipalities. Óñez Barrera died on 18 December 1519, and many suspected he was assassinated. Núñez Vela had one hundred twenty Creeperian landowners arrested in relation to the suspected assassination. After two years of investigating, he concluded that Óñez Barrera has in fact been poisoned and that twenty-three of the one hundred twenty arrested were involved. Those wrongly imprisoned were monetarily compensated while the twenty-three involved were publicly hanged.
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| − | On 12 October 1522, [[Gustavo Robles Castañeda]], the wealthiest landowner on Esclaveta, made agreements with thirty other landowners on the island and proclaimed the establishment of the [[Republic of Esclaveta]], declaring independence from the captaincy general and declared that slavery was legal. Paramilitary forces of the landowners attacked Native populations and forcibly enslaved them. Natives created resistance groups and [[Revolt of Esclaveta (1522–24)|fought]] back against the landowners. Núñez Vela sent the military to crush the republic and arrest the landowners. By 1524, the republic was crushed and the thirty landowners were captured and executed. The land held by the thirty were seized by the government and put up for sale to be redistributed.
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| − | In 1535, the [[Honduran Genocide]] occurred in Creeperopolis under orders of King [[Miguel V of Creeperopolis|Miguel V]]. News of the genocide that killed 1.2 million [[Honduras]] reached the San Carlos Islands in 1536 and caused serious concern within the government and among Native populations that landowners would initiate their own genocide. The concerns were nullified when no genocide occurred against the Native population, but Núñez Vela distanced his government from the government in Creeperopolis. Fearing treachery, Miguel V had Núñez Vela replaced with [[Diego López Zúñiga]] who he believed was more loyal to his government. When Miguel V was assassinated on 1 September 1555, his successor, [[Miguel VI of Creeperopolis|Miguel VI]], was killed on 3 September 1555, and succeeded by [[Alfonso III of Creeperopolis|Alfonso III]], López Zúñiga swore his allegiance to Alfonso III. López Zúñiga died on 15 October 1563 and was succeeded by [[Jerónimo Cabrera Salinas]].
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| − | === Parliamentization (1565–1580) ===
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| − | [[File:Portrait of Antonio Mendoza Pacheco.png|thumb|right|[[Antonio Mendoza Pacheco]] (1565–1580).]]
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| − | In 1564, [[Surian Revolutions of 1565|protests against Alfonso III]] pressured him to establish democracy and the [[First Parliament of Creeperopolis]] was created with [[1565 Creeperian general election|elections]] being held in 1565. In Creeperopolis, the [[Conservative Party (Creeperopolis)|Conservatives]] defeated the [[Liberal Party (Creeperopolis)|Liberals]] and had elected [[Alfonso Moreno Salinas]] as Creeperopolis' first [[Prime Minister of Creeperopolis|Prime Minister]] and the country's first ever elected official.
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| − | At the same time in the San Carlos Islands, Natives protested Cabrera Salinas' government and demanded the institution of democracy in the country. He accepted, and on 4 February 1565, the islands held its first ever [[1565 San Carlos Islander general election|election]]. Cabrera Salinas ran for captain general as a [[Conservative Party (San Carlos Islands, 1565)|Conservative]], but he was defeated by [[Antonio Mendoza Pacheco]] who ran as a [[Liberal Party (San Carlos Islands, 1565)|Liberal]], beginning the period of "Parliamentization" that lasted from 1565 until 1580.
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| − | In the election, only the captain general was elected; there was no legislature in place to vote for. Mendoza Pacheco assumed office on 1 March 1565 and immediately began work to establish a legislature and a judiciary for the captaincy general. On 15 April 1565, he established into law the ''[[Establishment of a Legislature and Judiciary for the San Carlos Islands]]'' which outlined the national legislature and judiciary for the islands. The law established the [[Captaincy General of the San Carlos Islands#Chamber of Representatives|Chamber of Representatives]] and the [[Captaincy General of the San Carlos Islands#Chamber of Islanders|Chamber of Islanders]]. The Chamber of Representatives was the legislature's upper house and it was composed of twenty-five elected ethnic Creeperian representatives, five from each of the captaincy general's five royalties. The Chamber of Islanders was the legislature's lower house and it was composed of fifty elected ethnic Native representatives, ten from each of the viceroyalties. The judiciary was composed of five justices who were nominated by the captain general and approved by both houses of the legislature.
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| − | He scheduled the first general election for the houses for [[1566 San Carlos Islander general election|1566]]. He also set elections for every three years to offset it from the Captain General who served as the executive. In the election, the Liberals won a majority and the houses entered session on 1 March 1566. By 1567, all the justices had been nominated and approved.
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| − | === Conservative governance (1580–1645) ===
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| − | === Liberal governance (1645–1685) ===
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| − | === Tenure of Palafox Mendoza (1685–1736) ===
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| − | === Late period (1736–1749) ===
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| − | ==== The Guazatancillo Affair ====
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| − | {{main|Guazatancillo Affair}}
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| − | == Geography ==
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| − | == Political organization ==
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| − | === Legislature ===
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| − | ==== Chamber of Representatives ====
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| − | ==== Chamber of Islanders ====
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| − | |-
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| − | |[[1608 San Carlos Islander general election|1608]]
| |
| − | |[[Luís Velasco Castilla]]
| |
| − | |{{Composition bar|28|50|hex=#c80019}}
| |
| − | |{{Composition bar|22|50|hex=#002880}}
| |
| − | |[[Felipe Suárez Mendoza]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |[[1611 San Carlos Islander general election|1611]]
| |
| − | |[[Luís Velasco Castilla]]
| |
| − | |{{Composition bar|30|50|hex=#c80019}}
| |
| − | |{{Composition bar|20|50|hex=#002880}}
| |
| − | |[[Felipe Suárez Mendoza]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | === Executive ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.4em; text-align:center" width="100%"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=2 | Portrait
| |
| − | ! Prime Minister<br />{{small|(Birth{{ndash}}Death)}}
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 | Term of office & mandate<br />{{smaller|Duration in years and days}}
| |
| − | ! Party
| |
| − | ! Government
| |
| − | ! Monarch<br />{{small|(Reign)}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#C3B091" rowspan=2 | '''{{font color|black|1}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[File:Cristóbal Colón Cámarillo.jpg|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | <span id="Meiji">[[Cristóbal Colón Cámarillo|{{small|Adelantado Admiral}}<br />'''Cristóbal Colón Cámarillo''']]<br />{{small|(1330{{ndash}}1392)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|1 June}}<br />1387
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|22 April}}<br />1392
| |
| − | | —
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[Creeperian Navy|Military]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 1. Colón Cámarillo I
| |
| − | ! rowspan=3 style="font-weight:normal" | [[Miguel II of Creeperopolis|{{nowrap|'''Miguel I'''}}]]<br />[[File:Don Favila, rey de Asturias (Museo del Prado).jpg|60px]]<br />{{small|(1385{{ndash}}1405)}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1387|06|01|1392|04|22|sep=and}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#C3B091" rowspan=2 | '''{{font color|black|2}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[File:Pedro de Valdivia.jpg|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | <span id="Meiji">[[Pedro Gutiérrez Valdivia|{{small|Adelantado Rear Admiral}}<br />'''Pedro Gutiérrez Valdivia''']]<br />{{small|(1352{{ndash}}1412)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|22 April}}<br />1392
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|3 May}}<br />1412
| |
| − | | —
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[Creeperian Navy|Military]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 2. Gutiérrez Valdivia I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1392|04|22|1412|05|03|sep=and}}
| |
| − | ! rowspan=4 style="font-weight:normal" | [[Miguel III of Creeperopolis|{{nowrap|'''Miguel II'''}}]]<br />[[File:Pietro IV d'Aragón.jpg|60px]]<br />{{small|(1405{{ndash}}1445)}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#C3B091" rowspan=2 | '''{{font color|black|3}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[File:García Hurtado de Mendoza, Gobernador y Capitán General de Chile.jpg|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | <span id="Meiji">[[Gustavo Hurtado Mendoza|{{small|Adelantado Rear Admiral}}<br />'''Gustavo Hurtado Mendoza''']]<br />{{small|(1368{{ndash}}1430)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|3 May}}<br />1412
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|12 December}}<br />1427
| |
| − | | —
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[Creeperian Navy|Military]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 3. Hurtado Mendoza I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1412|05|03|1427|12|12|sep=and}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#C3B091" rowspan=2 | '''{{font color|black|4}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[File:Rodrigo de Quiroga.JPG|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | <span id="Meiji">[[Miguel Quiroga López|{{small|Adelantado Vice Admiral}}<br />'''Miguel Quiroga López''']]<br />{{small|(1384{{ndash}}1467)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|12 December}}<br />1427
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1463
| |
| − | | —
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[Creeperian Navy|Military]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 4. Quiroga López I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1427|12|12|1463|03|01|sep=and}}
| |
| − | ! rowspan=4 style="font-weight:normal" | [[Manuel II of Creeperopolis|{{nowrap|'''Manuel I'''}}]]<br />[[File:Juan I de Castilla (Ayuntamiento de León).jpg|60px]]<br />{{small|(1445{{ndash}}1487)}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#C3B091" rowspan=2 | '''{{font color|black|5}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[File:Alonso de Sotomayor.JPG|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | <span id="Meiji">[[Melchor Bravo Saravia|{{small|Adelantado Rear Admiral}}<br />'''Melchor Bravo Saravia''']]<br />{{small|(1421{{ndash}}1477)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1463
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|14 July}}<br />1477
| |
| − | | —
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[Creeperian Navy|Military]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 5. Bravo Saravia I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1463|03|01|1477|07|14|sep=and}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#C3B091" rowspan=3 | '''{{font color|black|6}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | [[File:Portrait of Martín Óñez Barrera.png|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | <span id="Meiji">[[Martín Óñez Barrera|{{small|Adelantado Vice Admiral}}<br />'''Martín Óñez Barrera''']]<br />{{small|(1440{{ndash}}1519)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=2 | {{small|14 July}}<br />1477
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=2 | {{small|29 June}}<br />1515
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | —
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | [[Creeperian Navy|Military]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 class=nowrap | 6. Óñez Barrera I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! rowspan=1 style="font-weight:normal" | [[Miguel IV of Creeperopolis|{{nowrap|'''Miguel III'''}}]]<br />[[File:Juan II de Castilla (Ayuntamiento de León).jpg|60px]]<br />{{small|(1487{{ndash}}1500)}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1477|07|14|1515|06|29|sep=and}}
| |
| − | ! rowspan=4 style="font-weight:normal" | [[Miguel V of Creeperopolis|{{nowrap|'''Miguel IV'''}}]]<br />[[File:Sancho IV de Castilla (Ayuntamiento de León).jpg|60px]]<br />{{small|(1500{{ndash}}1555)}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#C3B091" rowspan=2 | '''{{font color|black|7}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[File:Portrait of Blasco Núñez Vela.png|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | <span id="Meiji">[[Blasco Núñez Vela|{{small|Adelantado Vice Admiral}}<br />'''Blasco Núñez Vela''']]<br />{{small|(1473{{ndash}}1562)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|29 June}}<br />1515
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|15 February}}<br />1544
| |
| − | | —
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[Creeperian Navy|Military]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 7. Núñez Vela I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1515|06|29|1544|02|15|sep=and}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#C3B091" rowspan=3 | '''{{font color|black|8}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | [[File:Portrait of Diego López Zúñiga.png|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | <span id="Meiji">[[Diego López Zúñiga|{{small|Adelantado Rear Admiral}}<br />'''Diego López Zúñiga''']]<br />{{small|(1501{{ndash}}1563)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=2 | {{small|15 February}}<br />1544
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=2 | {{small|15 October}}<br />1563
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | —
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | [[Creeperian Navy|Military]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 class=nowrap | 8. López Zúñiga I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! rowspan=1 style="font-weight:normal" | [[Miguel VI of Creeperopolis|{{nowrap|'''Miguel V'''}}]]<br />[[File:Pedro II de Aragón entero.jpg|60px]]<br />{{small|(1555{{ndash}}1555)}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1544|02|15|1563|10|15|sep=and}}
| |
| − | ! rowspan=9 style="font-weight:normal" | [[Alfonso III of Creeperopolis|{{nowrap|'''Alfonso I'''}}]]<br />[[File:General Francisco Javier Castaños (Museo del Prado).jpg|60px]]<br />{{small|(1555{{ndash}}1587)}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#C3B091" rowspan=2 | '''{{font color|black|9}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[File:Portrait of Jerónimo Cabrera Salinas.png|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | <span id="Meiji">[[Jerónimo Cabrera Salinas|{{small|Adelantado Rear Admiral}}<br />'''Jerónimo Cabrera Salinas''']]<br />{{small|(1520{{ndash}}1588)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|15 October}}<br />1563
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1565
| |
| − | | —
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[Creeperian Navy|Military]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 9. Cabrera Salinas I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1563|10|15|1565|03|01|sep=and}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#c80019" rowspan=4 | '''{{font color|white|10}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=4 | [[File:Portrait of Antonio Mendoza Pacheco.png|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=4 | <span id="Meiji">[[Antonio Mendoza Pacheco|{{small|Adelantado}}<br />'''Antonio Mendoza Pacheco''']]<br />{{small|(1530{{ndash}}1600)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=3 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1565
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=3 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1580
| |
| − | | [[1565 San Carlos Islander general election|1565]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=4 | [[Liberal Party (San Carlos Islands, 1565)|Liberal Party]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 10. Mendoza Pacheco I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1570 San Carlos Islander general election|1570]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 11. Mendoza Pacheco II
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1575 San Carlos Islander general election|1575]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 12. Mendoza Pacheco III
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1565|03|01|1580|03|01|sep=and}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#002880" rowspan=3 | '''{{font color|white|11}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | [[File:Portrait of Jerónimo Cabrera Salinas.png|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | <span id="Meiji">[[Jerónimo Cabrera Salinas|{{small|Adelantado Rear Admiral}}<br />'''Jerónimo Cabrera Salinas''']]<br />{{small|(1520{{ndash}}1588)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=2 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1580
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=2 | {{small|12 June}}<br />1588
| |
| − | | [[1580 San Carlos Islander general election|1580]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | [[Conservative Party (San Carlos Islands, 1565)|Conservative Party]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 13. Cabrera Salinas II
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1585 San Carlos Islander general election|1585]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 14. Cabrera Salinas III
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1580|03|01|1588|06|12|sep=and}}
| |
| − | ! rowspan=7 style="font-weight:normal" | [[Carlos I of Creeperopolis|{{nowrap|'''Carlos I'''}}]]<br />[[File:Evaristo Fernández de San Miguel, duque de San Miguel.jpg|60px]]<br />{{small|(1587{{ndash}}1603)}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#002880" rowspan=3 | '''{{font color|white|12}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | [[File:Portrait of Felipe Suárez Mendoza.png|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | <span id="Meiji">[[Felipe Suárez Mendoza|{{small|Adelantado}}<br />'''Felipe Suárez Mendoza''']]<br />{{small|(1532{{ndash}}1632)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=2 | {{small|12 June}}<br />1588
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=2 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1595
| |
| − | | –
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | [[Conservative Party (San Carlos Islands, 1565)|Conservative Party]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 15. Suárez Mendoza I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1590 San Carlos Islander general election|1590]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 16. Suárez Mendoza II
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1588|06|12|1595|03|01|sep=and}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#c80019" rowspan=2 | '''{{font color|white|13}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[File:Portrait of Luís Velasco Castilla.png|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | <span id="Meiji">[[Luís Velasco Castilla|{{small|Adelantado}}<br />'''Luís Velasco Castilla''']]<br />{{small|(1560{{ndash}}1622)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1595
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1600
| |
| − | | [[1595 San Carlos Islander general election|1595]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[Liberal Party (San Carlos Islands, 1565)|Liberal Party]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 16. Mendoza Pacheco I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1595|03|01|1600|03|01|sep=and}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#002880" rowspan=8 | '''{{font color|white|14}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=8 | [[File:Portrait of Felipe Suárez Mendoza.png|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=8 | <span id="Meiji">[[Felipe Suárez Mendoza|{{small|Adelantado}}<br />'''Felipe Suárez Mendoza''']]<br />{{small|(1532{{ndash}}1632)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=7 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1600
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=7 | {{small|4 March}}<br />1632
| |
| − | | [[1600 San Carlos Islander general election|1600]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=8 | [[Conservative Party (San Carlos Islands, 1565)|Conservative Party]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 17. Suárez Mendoza III
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1605 San Carlos Islander general election|1605]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 18. Suárez Mendoza IV
| |
| − | ! rowspan=8 style="font-weight:normal" | [[Salvador II of Creeperopolis|{{nowrap|'''Salvador I'''}}]]<br />[[File:Retrato del general Rodil (Dionisio Fierros Álvarez).jpg|60px]]<br />{{small|(1603{{ndash}}1634)}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1610 San Carlos Islander general election|1610]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 19. Suárez Mendoza V
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1615 San Carlos Islander general election|1615]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 20. Suárez Mendoza VI
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1620 San Carlos Islander general election|1620]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 21. Suárez Mendoza VII
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1625 San Carlos Islander general election|1625]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 22. Suárez Mendoza VIII
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1630 San Carlos Islander general election|1630]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 23. Suárez Mendoza IX
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1600|03|01|1632|03|04|sep=and}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#002880" rowspan=4 | '''{{font color|white|15}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=4 | [[File:Portrait of Alvaro Manriquede Zugniga.png|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=4 | <span id="Meiji">[[Alvaro Manriquede Zugniga|{{small|Adelantado}}<br />'''Alvaro Manriquede Zugniga''']]<br />{{small|(1591{{ndash}}1666)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=3 | {{small|4 March}}<br />1632
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=3 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1645
| |
| − | | –
| |
| − | | rowspan=4 | [[Conservative Party (San Carlos Islands, 1565)|Conservative Party]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 24. Manriquede Zugniga I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1635 San Carlos Islander general election|1635]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 25. Manriquede Zugniga II
| |
| − | ! rowspan=10 style="font-weight:normal" | [[Alfonso IV of Creeperopolis|{{nowrap|'''Alfonso II'''}}]]<br />[[File:Manuel Gutiérrez de la Concha, marqués del Duero (Palacio del Senado de España).jpg|60px]]<br />{{small|(1634{{ndash}}1666)}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1640 San Carlos Islander general election|1640]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 26. Manriquede Zugniga III
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1632|03|04|1645|03|01|sep=and}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#c80019" rowspan=3 | '''{{font color|white|16}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | [[File:Portrait of Lorenzo Suárez Mendoza.png|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | <span id="Meiji">[[Lorenzo Suárez Mendoza|{{small|Adelantado}}<br />'''Lorenzo Suárez Mendoza''']]<br />{{small|(1601{{ndash}}1657)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=2 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1645
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=2 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1655
| |
| − | | [[1645 San Carlos Islander general election|1645]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | [[Liberal Party (San Carlos Islands, 1565)|Liberal Party]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 27. Suárez Mendoza I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1650 San Carlos Islander general election|1650]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 28. Suárez Mendoza II
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1645|03|01|1655|03|01|sep=and}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#002880" rowspan=3 | '''{{font color|white|17}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | [[File:Portrait of Alvaro Manriquede Zugniga.png|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | <span id="Meiji">[[Alvaro Manriquede Zugniga|{{small|Adelantado}}<br />'''Alvaro Manriquede Zugniga''']]<br />{{small|(1591{{ndash}}1666)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=2 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1655
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=2 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1665
| |
| − | | [[1655 San Carlos Islander general election|1655]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | [[Conservative Party (San Carlos Islands, 1565)|Conservative Party]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 29. Manriquede Zugniga IV
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1660 San Carlos Islander general election|1660]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 30. Manriquede Zugniga V
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1655|03|01|1665|03|01|sep=and}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#c80019" rowspan=5 | '''{{font color|white|18}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=5 | [[File:Portrait of Martín Enríquez Almanza.png|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=5 | <span id="Meiji">[[Martín Enríquez Almanza|{{small|Adelantado}}<br />'''Martín Enríquez Almanza''']]<br />{{small|(1618{{ndash}}1690)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=4 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1665
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=4 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1685
| |
| − | | [[1665 San Carlos Islander general election|1665]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=5 | [[Liberal Party (San Carlos Islands, 1565)|Liberal Party]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 31. Enríquez Almanza I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1670 San Carlos Islander general election|1670]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 32. Enríquez Almanza II
| |
| − | ! rowspan=7 style="font-weight:normal" | [[Maximiliano I of Creeperopolis|{{nowrap|'''Maximiliano I'''}}]]<br />[[File:Ramon Maria Narvaez.jpg|60px]]<br />{{small|(1666{{ndash}}1697)}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1675 San Carlos Islander general election|1675]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 33. Enríquez Almanza III
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1680 San Carlos Islander general election|1680]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 34. Enríquez Almanza IV
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1665|03|01|1685|03|01|sep=and}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#002880" rowspan=12 | '''{{font color|white|19}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=12 | [[File:Juan Palafox Mendoza.png|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=12 | <span id="Meiji">[[Juan Palafox Mendoza|{{small|The Most Reverend Adelantado}}<br />'''Juan Palafox Mendoza''']]<br />{{small|(1652{{ndash}}1736)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=11 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1685
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=11 | {{small|17 September}}<br />1736
| |
| − | | [[1685 San Carlos Islander general election|1685]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=12 | [[Conservative Party (San Carlos Islands, 1565)|Conservative Party]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 35. Palafox Mendoza I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1690 San Carlos Islander general election|1690]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 36. Palafox Mendoza II
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1695 San Carlos Islander general election|1695]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 37. Palafox Mendoza III
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1700 San Carlos Islander general election|1700]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 38. Palafox Mendoza IV
| |
| − | ! rowspan=5 style="font-weight:normal" | [[Carlos II of Creeperopolis|{{nowrap|'''Carlos II'''}}]]<br />[[File:Baldomero Espartero.jpg|60px]]<br />{{small|(1697{{ndash}}1728)}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1705 San Carlos Islander general election|1705]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 39. Palafox Mendoza V
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1710 San Carlos Islander general election|1710]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 40. Palafox Mendoza VI
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1715 San Carlos Islander general election|1715]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 41. Palafox Mendoza VII
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1720 San Carlos Islander general election|1720]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 42. Palafox Mendoza VIII
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1725 San Carlos Islander general election|1725]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 43. Palafox Mendoza IX
| |
| − | ! rowspan=1 style="font-weight:normal" | [[Carlos III of Creeperopolis|{{nowrap|'''Carlos III'''}}]]<br />[[File:Don Francisco de Asís.jpg|60px]]<br />{{small|(1728{{ndash}}1729)}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1730 San Carlos Islander general election|1730]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 44. Palafox Mendoza X
| |
| − | ! rowspan=1 style="font-weight:normal" | [[Republic of Creeperopolis|{{nowrap|''Monarchy Abolished''}}]]<br />[[File:Parliament of creeperopolis.png|60px]]<br />{{small|(1729{{ndash}}1730)}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1735 San Carlos Islander general election|1735]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 45. Palafox Mendoza XI
| |
| − | ! rowspan=10 style="font-weight:normal" | [[Adolfo II of Creeperopolis|{{nowrap|'''Adolfo I'''}}]]<br />[[File:Francisco-serrano.jpg|60px]]<br />{{small|(1730{{ndash}}1770)}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1685|03|01|1736|09|17|sep=and}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#002880" rowspan=3 | '''{{font color|white|20}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | [[File:Portrait of Diego Osorio Escobar.png|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | <span id="Meiji">[[Diego Osorio Escobar|{{small|Adelantado}}<br />'''Diego Osorio Escobar''']]<br />{{small|(1687{{ndash}}1765)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=2 | {{small|17 September}}<br />1736
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=2 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1745
| |
| − | | –
| |
| − | | rowspan=3 | [[Conservative Party (San Carlos Islands, 1565)|Conservative Party]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=1 class=nowrap | 46. Osorio Escobar I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[1740 San Carlos Islander general election|1740]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 47. Osorio Escobar II
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1736|09|17|1745|03|01|sep=and}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | bgcolor="#c80019" rowspan=2 | '''{{font color|white|21}}'''
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[File:Portrait of Luís Enríquez Guzmán.png|80px]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | <span id="Meiji">[[Luís Enríquez Guzmán|{{small|Adelantado}}<br />'''Luís Enríquez Guzmán''']]<br />{{small|(1694{{ndash}}1759)}}</span>
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|1 March}}<br />1745
| |
| − | | class=nowrap rowspan=1 | {{small|13 October}}<br />1749
| |
| − | | [[1745 San Carlos Islander general election|1745]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 | [[Liberal Party (San Carlos Islands, 1565)|Liberal Party]]
| |
| − | | rowspan=2 class=nowrap | 48. Enríquez Guzmán I
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan=3 style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | {{age in years and days|1745|03|01|1749|10|13|sep=and}}
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | === Judiciary ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | === Administrative divisions ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Viceroyalties ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[File:Captaincy General SCI.png|thumb|right|Viceroyalties of the San Carlos Islands.]]
| |
| − | {| class="wikitable sortable"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! class=unsortable|[[Flag of Creeperopolis|Flag]]
| |
| − | ! Viceroyalty
| |
| − | ! Capital
| |
| − | ! Largest City
| |
| − | ! Established
| |
| − | ! Population<br />(1749)
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[File:Flag of Spain according to command of Alphonse Charles with Sacred Heart.svg|60px|Flag of Colón.]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="Colón"| [[Colón (viceroyalty)|Colón]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="Cámarillo"| [[Camarillo|Cámarillo]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="Cámarillo"| [[Camarillo|Cámarillo]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="1384-06-24"| 24 June 1384
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="375188"| 375,188
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[File:Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg|60px|Flag of Esclaveta.]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="Esclaveta"| [[Esclaveta (viceroyalty)|Esclaveta]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="Anadesa"| [[Anadyr|Anadesa]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="Anadesa"| [[Anadyr|Anadesa]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="1388-10-04"| 4 October 1388
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="64582"| 64,582
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[File:Bandeira Federalista Ibérica (1854).svg|60px|Flag of Norental.]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="Esclaveta"| [[Norental (viceroyalty)|Norental]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="Arcángel"| [[Fort Archangel|Arcángel]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="Arcángel"| [[Fort Archangel|Arcángel]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="1381-10-12"| 12 October 1381
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="142487"| 142,487
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[File:Flag of Nicaragua (1852).svg|60px|Flag of Orisal.]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="Esclaveta"| [[Orisal (viceroyalty)|Orisal]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="San Nicolás"| [[Saint Nicholas, San Carlos Islands|San Nicolás]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="San Nicolás"| [[Saint Nicholas, San Carlos Islands|San Nicolás]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="1381-11-16"| 16 November 1381
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="234184"| 234,184
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | [[File:Flag of Paraguay (1826-1842).svg|60px|Flag of Pescante.]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="Esclaveta"| [[Pescante (viceroyalty)|Pescante]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="Cena"| [[Kenai|Cena]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="Cena"| [[Kenai|Cena]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="1391-01-30"| 30 January 1391
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="135274"| 135,274
| |
| − | |-style=background-color:#ccc
| |
| − | | [[File:Royal Banner of the Crown of Castille (Habsbourg Style).svg|60px|Flag of the Islas San Carlos]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="Islas San Carlos"| '''Islas San Carlos'''
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="Cámarillo"| [[Camarillo|Cámarillo]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="Cámarillo"| [[Camarillo|Cámarillo]]
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="1388-06-01"| 1 June 1388
| |
| − | |data-sort-value="957715"| 957,715
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Municipalities ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | == Demographics ==
| |
| − | | |
| − | === Caste system ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[File:Casta Islas San Carlos.jpeg|thumb|right|Depiction of the Creeperian caste system.]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | Under Gutiérrez Valdivia, a caste system was established to separate the population of the captaincy general by race and ethnicity. It was is effect from 1400 until it was abolished in 1565. The caste system was called the ''Casta'' and it was composed of sixteen castes. The castes were:
| |
| − | | |
| − | #Creeperian with Native, Natizo
| |
| − | #Natizo with Creeperian, Cartizo
| |
| − | #Cartizo with Creeperian, Creeperian
| |
| − | #Creeperian with Deltinian, Delato
| |
| − | #Delato with Creeperian, Delo
| |
| − | #Delo with Creeperian, Chino
| |
| − | #Chino with Native, Detizo
| |
| − | #Detizo with Delato, Deltato
| |
| − | #Deltato with Chino, Jíbaro
| |
| − | #Jíbaro with Delato, Albarazado
| |
| − | #Albarazado with Deltinian, Cambujo
| |
| − | #Cambujo with Native, Zambiaga
| |
| − | #Zambiaga with Deltato, Calpamulato
| |
| − | #Calpamulto with Cambuja, Morisca
| |
| − | #Morisca with Delato, Delisca
| |
| − | #Delisca with Native, Detiva
| |
| − | | |
| − | === Religion ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[File:Evangelización por la Orden Franciscana.jpg|thumb|right|Conversion of Natives.]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | The official and main religion of Creeperopolis was Creeperian Catholicism under the theology and doctrine of the Creeperian Catholic Church. The Church is lead by the [[Pope of Creeperopolis|Pope]], and during the captaincy general, the Papacy approved of the conversion of the Natives of the archipelago. Most of the archipelago's Natives were converted to Creeperian Catholicism, either willingly or through force. The practicing of the religion was a requirement for government benefits, and refusing to convert was faced with punishments of forced labor, torture, exile, or death.
| |
| − | | |
| − | On 12 October 1390, Pope [[Boniface IX of Creeperopolis|Boniface IX]] established the [[Archdiocese of the San Carlos Islands]] and consecrated [[Pedro Moya Contreras]] as its first archbishop. Although most San Carlos Islanders converted to [[Xussman Orthodox|Xussman Orthodoxy]] following the archipelago's transition to Xussman control in 1749, a significant minority of Creeperian Catholic remain in the country.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Three saints were canonized by the Creeperian Catholic Church that were born in the San Carlos Islands during the captaincy general. Those saints include:
| |
| − | | |
| − | #[[Miguel Zumárraga Arrazola]] (1533–1593), Archbishop of the San Carlos Islands (1574–1593)
| |
| − | #[[Diego Cosnvarubias Torres]] (1542–1602), witnessed four apparitions of [[Our Lady of Cámarillo]] in 1575
| |
| − | #[[Juan Palafox Mendoza]] (1652–1736), Archbishop of the San Carlos Islands (1682–1736), Captain General of the San Carlos Islands (1685–1736)
| |
| − | | |
| − | === Use of slavery ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | {{see|Esclaveta War|Esclaveta Genocide|Revolt of Esclaveta (1412)|Revolt of Esclaveta (1431)|Great Revolt of Esclaveta|Revolt of Esclaveta (1522–24)}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[File:Jean baptiste debret - caçador escravos.jpg|thumb|right|Enslaved Natives on Esclaveta.]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | During Colón Cámarillo's second voyage, he and his crew landed on the island of Zolotka. During their time there, they settled near a Native settlement of 200 people. On 4 October 1385, a fight erupted between the Creeperans and the Natives. The reason for the fight is unknown, but it is speculated to have been over the Creeperian settlement or the Creeperian use of the land while they were settled there. During the fight, eight people were killed, with four deaths on both sides. Around thirty others were injured in the fight. The Natives demanded that the Creeperans never return to the island, and the Creeperans left for Salvador the next day.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Colón Cámarillo did not forget about the fight when he returned to the San Carlos Islands to serve as its Captain General. On 4 October 1388, exactly three years after the fight, he ordered the enslavement of all adult male the Natives on the island where the fight occurred. In the declaration, he established the viceroyalty of Esclaveta, meaning "Land of Slavery." He strictly forbade enslavement of women, children, and the elderly. He stated that he wanted to "punish those who hurt us, not those who have done nothing to us."
| |
| − | | |
| − | In November 1388, he commanded a fleet of four ships with 800 men to subjugate the island and enslave the people. The fleet landed on 14 December 1388, roughly near where the fight occurred three years earlier. They found the Natives that had attacked them and moved to capture them. The Natives fought back, but the Creeperans managed to capture most of the Natives, with the remainder fleeing or being killed. Any women, children, and elderly captered were released. The event began the [[Esclaveta War]] which lasted until 1401 where the Creeperans launched attacks against the Natives to subjugate them into slavery and the Natives launched attacks on the Creeperans to maintain their freedom. The struggle was in vain, however, and most of the Native population was enslaved, with the remainder somehow fleeing north to other islands or dying during the struggle for freedom.
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[File:Conquistadors' abuses of Amerindians (1598 edition for las Casas' book).jpg|thumb|left|Creeperian soldiers torturing slaves by whipping one and burning another while forcing other slaves to work.]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | When Colón Cámarillo was captain general, bloodshed was not very common, with light skirmishes and scarce engagements being the norm. When Gutiérrez Valdivia became captain general, however, violence and battles became commonplace, with many massacres being committed by Creeperian soldiers against Native warriors and even Native women and children and elderly who were noncombatants, against the wishes of Colón Cámarillo. The massacres committed under Gutiérrez Valdivia from 1392 until the war's end in 1401 are known as the [[Esclaveta Genocide]], where around 88,000 Natives were killed out of a total population of around 220,000 people, approximately 40 percent of the population.
| |
| − | | |
| − | During Gutiérrez Valdivia's tenure as captain general, the Natives of Esclaveta were forced to work on plantations, in mines, and at construction sites across the captaincy general. Men and teenage boys were the ones sent to the mines and construction sites, while women, girls, the elderly, and younger boys were sent to plantations, ignoring what Colón Cámarillo had strictly stated. Around 30% of the population remained on Esclaveta to repopulate and continue "producing fresh slaves" for the captaincy general.
| |
| − | | |
| − | There were specific punishments handed down to slaves for committing certain acts. Escaping, attempting an escape, murder, attempted murder, and rape were punished by [[Capital punishment in Creeperopolis|death]]. Refusing to work, robbery/theft, and other miscellaneous crimes were punished by torture. Methods of torture included whipping, flogging, burning, and other methods of torture.
| |
| − | | |
| − | The rule of Gutiérrez Valdivia is considered the darkest period in San Carlos Islander history. In total, around 30,000 to 50,000 Natives died during his tenure from 1392 to 1412. Palafox Mendoza later remarked in 1692 that "[Gutiérrez Valdivia's] tenure of twenty years was the worst twenty years in the history of this small archipelago in the [Southern] Ocean." The early military rule from 1392 through 1477 is commonly referred to as "The Enslavement" due to the brutality of the captain generals. Gutiérrez Valdivia's successors, Hurtado Mendoza (1412–1427), Quiroga López (1427–1463), and Bravo Saravia (1463–1477), all continued his legacy and policies of anti-Nativism and brutality.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Several slave revolts occurred when slavery was legal. The first occurred in 1412 against Hurtado Mendoza after Gutiérrez Valdivia was assassinated by a slave in Cámarillo. The revolt was crushed by the end of the year. Another revolt occurred in 1431 after 62 slaves were killed due to their alleged involvement in Hurtado Mendoza's death which was also crushed by the end of the year. The largest revolt, the Great Revolt of Esclaveta, lasted from 1440 to 1442. It was lead by Kapahu I and his son, Kila I. It resulted in an estimated 45,000 dead Natives.
| |
| − | | |
| − | In 1463, Bravo Saravia abolished slavery for women, children, and the elderly, but slavery for men persisted. Slavery was completely abolished and made illegal by Óñez Barrera on 18 August 1478 after pressure from Native slaves and his Native wife in the ''Proclamation of Liberation''. Slavery returned in Esclaveta during the self-proclaimed republic from 1522 until the republic was crushed in 1524.
| |
| − | | |
| − | == Culture and art ==
| |
| − | | |
| − | === Regional anthem ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable"
| |
| − | ![[Creeperian Spanish]] lyrics
| |
| − | ![[Lyoan language|Lyoan]] Translation
| |
| − | ![[Xussman language|Xussman]] Translation
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |'''CORO'''
| |
| − | <small>
| |
| − | : 𝄆 ¡Viva y Salve las’Islas de San Carlos,
| |
| − | : Nuestro gran hogar y grande guiador! 𝄇
| |
| − | : 𝄆 ¡Viva la’Patria, Creeperopólis,
| |
| − | : Al otro lado del mar siempre te amamos! 𝄇
| |
| − | </small>
| |
| − | '''ESTROFA'''
| |
| − | <small>
| |
| − | : 𝄆 Viva Patria, eres el único hijo
| |
| − | : Del Admiral Colón Cámarillo. 𝄇
| |
| − | : 𝄆 Siempre’n los’siglos vas a ‘star aquí
| |
| − | : A cuidar todos los’San Carlositos. 𝄇
| |
| − | </small>
| |
| − | '''CHORO'''
| |
| − | <small>
| |
| − | : 𝄆 ¡Viva y Salve las’Islas de San Carlos,
| |
| − | : Nuestro gran hogar y grande guiador! 𝄇
| |
| − | : 𝄆 ¡Viva la’Patria, Creeperopólis,
| |
| − | : Al otro lado del mar siempre te amamos! 𝄇
| |
| − | </small>
| |
| − | |'''CHORUS'''
| |
| − | <small>
| |
| − | : 𝄆 Hail and Praise the [[San Carlos Islands]],
| |
| − | : Our great home and grand guide! 𝄇
| |
| − | : 𝄆 Hail the Fatherland, [[Creeperopolis]],
| |
| − | : On the other side of the ocean we will always love you! 𝄇
| |
| − | </small>
| |
| − | '''VERSE'''
| |
| − | <small>
| |
| − | : 𝄆 Hail Fatherland, you are the only son
| |
| − | : Of Admiral [[Cristóbal Colón Cámarillo|Colón Cámarillo]]. 𝄇
| |
| − | : 𝄆 Always in the centuries you will be here
| |
| − | : To care for all the San Carlos Islanders. 𝄇
| |
| − | </small>
| |
| − | '''CHORUS'''
| |
| − | <small>
| |
| − | : 𝄆 Hail and Praise the San Carlos Islands,
| |
| − | : Our great home and grand guide! 𝄇
| |
| − | : 𝄆 Hail the Fatherland, Creeperopolis,
| |
| − | : On the other side of the ocean we will always love you! 𝄇
| |
| − | </small>
| |
| − | |'''ХОР'''
| |
| − | <small>
| |
| − | : 𝄆 Слава островам Сан-Карлос,
| |
| − | :Наш великий дом и дедушка! 𝄇
| |
| − | : 𝄆 Да здравствует Отечество, Криперополис,
| |
| − | : По ту сторону океана мы всегда будем любить тебя! 𝄇
| |
| − | </small>
| |
| − | '''СТИХ'''
| |
| − | <small>
| |
| − | : 𝄆 Славься Отечество, ты единственный сын
| |
| − | : Адмирала Колона Камарильо. 𝄇
| |
| − | : 𝄆 Всегда через века ты будешь здесь
| |
| − | : Чтобы заботиться обо всех жителях Сан-Карлоса. 𝄇
| |
| − | </small>
| |
| − | '''ХОР'''
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| − | <small>
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| − | : 𝄆 Слава островам Сан-Карлос,
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| − | :Наш великий дом и дедушка! 𝄇
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| − | : 𝄆 Да здравствует Отечество, Криперополис,
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| − | : По ту сторону океана мы всегда будем любить тебя! 𝄇
| |
| − | </small>
| |
| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == See also ==
| |
| − | | |
| − | *[[Principality of the San Carlos Islands]]
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| − | *[[San Carlos Islands]]
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| − | | |
| − | {{Creeperopolis topics}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Category:Creeperopolis]]
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| − | [[Category:Creeperopolis RP]]
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| − | [[Category:Creeperopolis Terraconserva]]
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| − | [[Category:San Carlos Islands]]
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| − | [[Category:Terraconserva]]
| |
