Difference between revisions of "Astera"

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{{Infobox saint
 
{{Infobox saint
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|name=Astamer<br/><small>Ⲁϣⲧⲁⲙⲣⲁ</small><br/><small>''Aštamra''</small>
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| honorific_prefix = Prophet
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|name=Astera<br/><small>Ⲁϣⲧⲁⲓⲣⲁ</small><br/><small>''Aštaıra''</small>
 
|image=Zartosht 30salegee.jpg
 
|image=Zartosht 30salegee.jpg
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|caption=<center>19th-century depiction of Astamer</center>
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| imagesize        = 250px
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|caption=<center>19th-century depiction of Astera</center>
 
| birth_date =  
 
| birth_date =  
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| birth_place = [[Terranihil]]
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| birth_place = Southern [[Vaktria]]
 
| home_town =  
 
| home_town =  
 
| residence =  
 
| residence =  
 
| death_date =  
 
| death_date =  
 
| death_place =  
 
| death_place =  
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|venerated_in=[[Astamrianism]]
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|venerated_in= [[Astrianism]]
 
| beatified_date =  
 
| beatified_date =  
 
| beatified_place =  
 
| beatified_place =  
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| major_works =  
 
| major_works =  
 
}}
 
}}
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{{Astamrianism sidebar}}
  
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'''Astamer''', also known as '''Ashtamra''' ([[Vektranamic language|Vektranamic]]:Ⲁϣⲧⲁⲙⲣⲁ, Aštamra), was a [[Terranilic peoples|Terranilic]] prophet who founded what is now known as [[Astamrianism]]. His teachings challenged the Terranilic-Shazaqanic religious tradition and began a movement that eventually became the dominant religion in Terranihil. He was a native speaker of [[Vektranamic language|Vektranamic]] and likely lived in south-eastern Terranihil sometime between 1600 and 1000 BC, though his exact birthplace and birthdate remains uncertain.
+
'''Astera''', also known as '''Ashtaira''' ([[Vaktrian language|Vaktrian]]: Ⲁϣⲧⲁⲓⲣⲁ, ''Aštaıra''), was a [[Vaktrian people|Vaktrian]] prophet who founded what is now known as [[Astrianism]]. His teachings began a movement that eventually became the dominant religion in Vaktria. He was a native speaker of [[Vaktrian language|Vaktrian]] and likely lived in southern Vaktria sometime between 1200 and 1000 BCE, though his exact birthplace and birthdate remains uncertain.
  
 
== Name and etymology ==
 
== Name and etymology ==
  
−
Astamer's name in his native language of [[Vektranamic language|Vektranamic]] was ''Aštamra''. His name "Astamer" derives from a 1st century BC Romanyan transcription, ''Astamerus''. In Vektranamic, Aštamra is generally accepted to derive from the words ''aštarıa'' meaning "rain" and ''amaraı'' meaning "to hope" or "to wish". Together, Aštamra likely means "one who hopes for rain".  
+
Astera's name in his native language of [[Vaktrian language|Vaktrian]] is ''Aštaıra''. In Vaktrian, ''aštaı'' (ⲁϣⲧⲁⲓ) means "rain". There is debate about the origin of the ''-ra'' (-ⲣⲁ) suffix. It potentially denotes someone who does something, similar to the ''-em'' suffix in modern Vaktrian; this would suggest ''Aštaıra'' means "someone who causes or brings rain". Other scholars think ''-ra'' is a corruption of the [[Proto-Vaktrian language|Proto-Vaktrian]] augmentative form of rain ''hazhdaımum'', which would indicate Astera means "a large or great rain". The Iberic spelling ''Astera'' derives from a 1st century CE Romanyan inscription.  
  
 
== Date ==
 
== Date ==
  
−
There is no consensus about when exactly Astamer lived. The [[Kilva]] gives no direct information about it, and historical sources are conflicting. Some scholars base their date reconstruction on the [[Proto-Terranilic-Shazaqanic language]] and [[Proto-Terranilic-Shazaqanic religion]], and thus consider him to have lived sometime between 1600 and 1000 BCE. The basis of this theory is proposed on linguistic similarities between the early Vektranamic language of the Kilva and the writings of the early Shazaqanic people (c. 1700–1100 BC). Both writings have a common archaic Terranilic-Shazaqanic origin.
+
There is no consensus about when exactly Astera lived. There are no written texts regarding Astera, besides a handful of hieroglyphic inscriptions of Ancient Vaktrian dating back to 850 BCE. Based on these inscriptions, the dating of the type of hieroglyphs used and the dialect of Vaktrian, and contextualization of oral stories (that were later recorded) with other historical events, scholars think Astera likely lived sometime between 1200 and 1000 BCE.
  
−
Classical scholarship in the 6th to 2nd century BC believed Astamer existed six thousand years before the Parlan invasion of Terranihil in X BCE.
+
Classical scholarship in the 2nd century BCE believed Astera lived one thousand years before [[Chernastum I]] declared himself Ultvar of the [[Kingdom of Vaktria]] (c. 1800 BCE).  
  
 
== Place ==
 
== Place ==
  
−
The birthplace of Astamer is also unclear.
+
The birthplace of Astera is also unclear; however, the scholarly consensus is that he was born east of Dastivus in a village along the [[Maplas river]]. The oral traditions concur and this theory aligns with the place of origin of Astrianism's first practitioners. The Aftar call this village [[Marzat]]<!-- marar-->.  
−
 
 
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The X mention the [[Pasalrās River]] as Astamer's home. The Kilva does not mention the Alaqans, Atlans, Tundrens, or any specific Vektranamic tribes. The X mentions several locations in south-eastern Terranihil that Astamer visited. Some classical Vektranamic texts claim he lived in X and others in X.
 
−
 
 
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There is no consensus within the Vektranamic and Astamrian tradition, however many regard his birthplace to be X, a village at the X river in the X portion of the Shazaqana mountains based on. They cite the Xs mention of a X river and attribute that to the X river in the X portion of the Shazaqana Mountains. Others claim he was born in X in central Terranihil.
 
−
 
 
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Alaqan and Latin sources are divided on the birthplace of Astamer. Some Alaqan accounts located him in x.
 
−
 
 
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Post-Islamic sources such as X (1086–1153) from X, proposed that Astamer's father was from X and his mother was from X.  
 
−
 
 
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By the late 20th century, most scholars had settled on an origin in south-eastern Terranihil. X proposed X as the homeland of Astamrianism; X claimed X; and X suggests Astamer was born and lived in X.
 
  
 
== Life ==
 
== Life ==
  
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Astamer is recorded as the son of Fastarzepa<!--keeper and horse--> of the Kvaıtasiman family (Vektranamic: ''Kvaıtasima''; ''kvaıtas'' meaning "brilliant" or "white") and Striptakt. All the names appear appropriate to the nomadic tradition. His father's name means "keeper of horses" (with the word ''azepa'' meaning horse), while his mother's means "milkmaid".  
+
Astera is said to be of the Pavkar family, derived from the word for "white" in Vaktrian. His father was Orshaf (Vaktrian: ''Oršaf'', meaning "horse"). His mother was Spivraza (Vaktrian: ''Spivraza'', meaning "milkmaid").
−
 
+
All the names appear appropriate to the nomadic tradition.
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Astamer began training for priesthood as a young child, and became a priest around fifteen years old. He left his parents' home at age twenty. By the thirty years old, he experienced a revelation during a spring festival; on the river bank he saw a shining Being, who revealed himself as X and taught him X. He then decided to spend his life teaching people to seek X. He received further revelations and saw a vision of X. His teachings were collected in the Kilva.
 
  
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Eventually, at the age of about forty-two, he received the patronage of queen X and a ruler named X, an early adherent of Astamrianism. Astamer's teaching about individual judgment, Heaven and Hell, the resurrection of the body, the Last Judgment, and everlasting life for the reunited soul and body, among other things, became borrowings in the Abrahamic religions, but they lost the context of the original teaching.
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Astera began learning about the spiritual traditions of Ancient Vaktria as a young child. He left his parents' home at adulthood to travel. After a decade of wandering from village to vilage and meditating, he experienced a revelation at the peak of a mountain. He saw a shining the heavens and earth shine and grow brighter into a blinding white light. Nav revealed itself to Astera. He then decided to devote his life to teaching others about Nav.
  
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According to the tradition, he lived for many years after X's conversion, managed to establish a faithful community, and married three times. His first two wives bore him three sons, x,x,x and three daughters, x,x,x. His third wife, x, was childless. Astamer died when he was 77 years and 40 days old. The later X sources like X, instead claim that an obscure conflict with X people led to his death, murdered by a X named X.
+
According to the tradition, he lived for several decades after this revelation. He managed to establish a faithful community that continously grew larger over the years. Astera married multiple times and supposedly had nine children.
  
 
== Philosophy ==
 
== Philosophy ==
−
== Influences outside Astamrianism ==
+
Astera taught that Nav had revealed itself to him. Nav can mean God, the universe, infinity, truth, or being. It is essentially a pantheistic being that encompasses everything in existence. This revelation showed Astera the entirity of the past, present, and future of what exists in both the natural and supernatural world. He taught that it was necessary to strive to understand Nav.
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=== In classical antiquity ===
 
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=== In Christianity ===
 
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=== In Islam ===
 
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=== In modern times ===
 
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== Iconography ==
 
  
 +
Variable accounts of the details of Astera's belief exist. Several oral traditions existed and later recorded their interpretations of Astera's philosophy and theology to form sects. The knowledge of Nav that Astera is said to have taught includes his cosmology, eschatology, metaphysics, and ethics. These were later expanded on by the various sects and texts of Astrianism.
  
 +
== Iconography ==
 +
Astera is often depicted in white robes, which are worn by modern Astrian priests, and shown holding twigs, another symbol of priesthood. He almost always has a beard and is looking upwards.
 +
<gallery>
 +
File:Zoroaster 1.jpg|19th century painting depicting the events of Astera's life.
 +
File:ClavisArtis.MS.Verginelli-Rota.V1.003r.jpg|Depiction of Astera in an alchemy manuscript published in Salisford in the 17th century
 +
File:Raffael 071.jpg|Detail of [[The School of Athens]] by [[Raphael]], 1509, showing Astera (left, with globe).
 +
File:Zoroaster - Page 567 of the 1849 Bombay Shahnama v2.jpg|19th century painting of Astera (left)
 +
File:زرتشت.jpg|Household's painting of Astera
 +
</gallery>
  
 
[[Category:Terraconserva]]
 
[[Category:Terraconserva]]
 
[[Category:Terranihil]]
 
[[Category:Terranihil]]
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[[Category:Astamrianism]]
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[[Category:Astrianism]]

Latest revision as of 23:13, 9 October 2023

Prophet

Astera
Ⲁϣⲧⲁⲓⲣⲁ
Aštaıra
Zartosht 30salegee.jpg
19th-century depiction of Astera
BornSouthern Vaktria
Venerated inAstrianism
Part of a series on
Astrianism
Faravahar.svg
Tanchamel (personal soul), a primary symbol of Astrianism
Primary topics
Scripture and worship
Denominations
Adherents

Astera, also known as Ashtaira (Vaktrian: Ⲁϣⲧⲁⲓⲣⲁ, Aštaıra), was a Vaktrian prophet who founded what is now known as Astrianism. His teachings began a movement that eventually became the dominant religion in Vaktria. He was a native speaker of Vaktrian and likely lived in southern Vaktria sometime between 1200 and 1000 BCE, though his exact birthplace and birthdate remains uncertain.

Name and etymology

Astera's name in his native language of Vaktrian is Aštaıra. In Vaktrian, aštaı (ⲁϣⲧⲁⲓ) means "rain". There is debate about the origin of the -ra (-ⲣⲁ) suffix. It potentially denotes someone who does something, similar to the -em suffix in modern Vaktrian; this would suggest Aštaıra means "someone who causes or brings rain". Other scholars think -ra is a corruption of the Proto-Vaktrian augmentative form of rain hazhdaımum, which would indicate Astera means "a large or great rain". The Iberic spelling Astera derives from a 1st century CE Romanyan inscription.

Date

There is no consensus about when exactly Astera lived. There are no written texts regarding Astera, besides a handful of hieroglyphic inscriptions of Ancient Vaktrian dating back to 850 BCE. Based on these inscriptions, the dating of the type of hieroglyphs used and the dialect of Vaktrian, and contextualization of oral stories (that were later recorded) with other historical events, scholars think Astera likely lived sometime between 1200 and 1000 BCE.

Classical scholarship in the 2nd century BCE believed Astera lived one thousand years before Chernastum I declared himself Ultvar of the Kingdom of Vaktria (c. 1800 BCE).

Place

The birthplace of Astera is also unclear; however, the scholarly consensus is that he was born east of Dastivus in a village along the Maplas river. The oral traditions concur and this theory aligns with the place of origin of Astrianism's first practitioners. The Aftar call this village Marzat.

Life

Astera is said to be of the Pavkar family, derived from the word for "white" in Vaktrian. His father was Orshaf (Vaktrian: Oršaf, meaning "horse"). His mother was Spivraza (Vaktrian: Spivraza, meaning "milkmaid"). All the names appear appropriate to the nomadic tradition.

Astera began learning about the spiritual traditions of Ancient Vaktria as a young child. He left his parents' home at adulthood to travel. After a decade of wandering from village to vilage and meditating, he experienced a revelation at the peak of a mountain. He saw a shining the heavens and earth shine and grow brighter into a blinding white light. Nav revealed itself to Astera. He then decided to devote his life to teaching others about Nav.

According to the tradition, he lived for several decades after this revelation. He managed to establish a faithful community that continously grew larger over the years. Astera married multiple times and supposedly had nine children.

Philosophy

Astera taught that Nav had revealed itself to him. Nav can mean God, the universe, infinity, truth, or being. It is essentially a pantheistic being that encompasses everything in existence. This revelation showed Astera the entirity of the past, present, and future of what exists in both the natural and supernatural world. He taught that it was necessary to strive to understand Nav.

Variable accounts of the details of Astera's belief exist. Several oral traditions existed and later recorded their interpretations of Astera's philosophy and theology to form sects. The knowledge of Nav that Astera is said to have taught includes his cosmology, eschatology, metaphysics, and ethics. These were later expanded on by the various sects and texts of Astrianism.

Iconography

Astera is often depicted in white robes, which are worn by modern Astrian priests, and shown holding twigs, another symbol of priesthood. He almost always has a beard and is looking upwards.

  • 19th century painting depicting the events of Astera's life.

  • Depiction of Astera in an alchemy manuscript published in Salisford in the 17th century

  • Detail of The School of Athens by Raphael, 1509, showing Astera (left, with globe).

  • 19th century painting of Astera (left)

  • Household's painting of Astera

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