Centralized education movement in Krystallum

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The centralized education movement in Krystallum was the push to established a centralized system and standards for public education in Krystallum. The universal education movement is an extension of this; which advocates for universal free tuition for higher education. The movement spread to Icaris after the nation's founding in 2020.

History

The centralized education movement began in ___. During the time, education for minors was independent from regulation and cirriculum and standards were decided upon by teachers and later the school administration.

This changed in ___ when a Resolution was passed in the Dual Chamber, to coordinate regulation of the primary education system at the state level.

In 1960, President Everett Rose IV signed the Resolution for the Formation of an Exploratory Primary Education Commission (FEPEC), which established the Primary Education Exploratory Commission (PEEC). The role of the Commission was to spend six years evaluating and establishing national standards for education at the primary level. The FEPEC law simply authorized the commission to make recommendations, not to formally establish a centralized system. Rose lost reelection in 1964, and his successor, Nelson Price, was heavily opposed to centralized education. In 1966, the council submitted their recommendations to President Price and the Dual Chamber. The Dual Chamber attempted to pass a Resolution, to formalize the recommendations from the commission and firmly cement the infrastructure for a national primary education system. The Resolution was vetoed by President Price and the Dual Chamber was unable to get enough votes to override his veto. Price was succeeded by Harvey Hammond, who was also staunchly anti-centralization in primary education. When Hammond was impeached, the Dual Chamber inquired about Vice President Jon Tickner's (who had ascended to the presidency) views on the nationalizing primary education standards. Tickner's views on the issue were up until then unknown. Tickner notified the Dual Chamber he fully supported the independent nature of the primary education system and would not be revisiting the issue of nationalizing the system as president.

Tickner faced Arnold Buchanan in the 1972 general election. Buchanan, who was accused of being even more of an elitist than Tickner, was staunchly anti-centralization of the education system. Tickner changed his campaign position to support the centralized education movement, but ultimately lost the general election by a landslide to Buchanan.

To the nation's surprise, President Arnold Buchanan revived the commission in 1974 to revisit the conclusions of the its findings on national standards of education. Upon the findings, he directed the commission to deliver them to the state's education systems and for the state First Chairs to begin executing the suggestions. Buchanan did not mandate their implementation, rather heavily suggested them, so execution of the recommendations was poorly rolled-out.

Many believed Buchanan's actions were specifically to undermine the centralized education movement by proving the system wouldn't work. Leaders of the movement claimed had the recommendations been mandated by law and instituted at the national level, they might have seen more success.

Reuben Tozer was elected president in 1976 with a primary goal of national public primary education standards and once elected urged the Dual Chamber to pass a law mandating the recommendations found by the 1974 commission. The legislature failed four times during his presidency to pass the law.

Bob Kruger was a member of the same political party as Tozer and shocked the nation when he contested him for the party's nomination. Tozer had proven to be an ineffective leader and national representative. Kruger won in a landslide victory in 1980. Within Kruger's first six month of his presidency, a Resolution from the Dual Chamber was on his desk and he signed into law national primary education standards and regulatory measures.

1980 law

DeWarr Integrated National Education Resolution (DINER)

Universal education movement